Development – Practice exam – Flashcards
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Theories of development ______________
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depend of scientific verification for their continued existence.
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The study of human development provides no ultimate truth because
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investigators do not always agree on the meaning of what they see
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In stage theories, development is like
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climbing a staircase
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Stage theorists assume that people ______, yet contemporary theorists are increasingly aware of _______.
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follow the same course of development, the distinct contexts in which individuals live
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A theorist who emphasises plasticity is likely to believe that ______
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individual change can occur, especially when it is supported by new experiences
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Lifespan researchers believe that development is multi directional. What does this mean?
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In each development period, growth and decline occur
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For a child growing up in disadvantaged circumstances, personal characteristics, such as temperament ________.
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can offset the impact of a stressful home life
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Today, the baby boomers are ______________.
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Financially better off than any previous midlife cohnot
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Which of the following events is a nonnormative influence on human development?
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At age 15, Jill gave birth to her son.
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Hall and Gesell, launched the ______approach to the field of child development.
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normative
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Freud believed that the _______ develops through interactions with parents, who insist that children conform to the values of society.
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superego
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A special strength of the psychoanalytic perspective is its emphasis on __________.
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The individual's unique life history as worthy of study and understanding
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Piaget's preoperational stage is marked by the development of ________.
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language and make-believe play
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Which statement about Piaget's theory is true?
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Piaget's theory influenced educational ideas of discover learning over direct instruction?
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Which of the following models is likely to be used by an information-processing researcher?
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flowchart
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Unlike Piaget's theory, Vygotsky's theory emphasises the _________.
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importance of social interaction
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Ecological systems theory views the individual as ______.
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a tabula rasa (blank slate)
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In every science, research is usually based on a
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hypothesis.
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In a study examining the relationship between musical experiences and intelligence, researchers found _______
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sustained music lessons led to small increases in intelligence
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The ultimate responsibility for the ethical integrity of research lies with the
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investigator
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Which of the following statements about the use of deception in studies with children is true?
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Children may experience serious emotional consequences after learning they have been deceived
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Which of the following is an example of a phenotype
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Like both his parents, Vinny is above average in height.
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Chromosomes are made up of
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DNA
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As a result of _______, each body cell contains the same number of chromosomes and identical genetic information.
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Meiosis (a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half)
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When gametes form in males, the X and Y chromosomes ___________
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separates and passes on an X or a Y to separate gametes?
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Which of the following maternal factors is linked to greater likelihood of fraternal (dizgotic/non-identical) twinning ____________?
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she is a fraternal twin herself
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Allie inherited a homozygous pair of alleles for straight hari, a recessive characteristic. Her sister, Lauren inherited a heterozygous pair of alleles - one for curly and one for straight hair. Which statement is true?
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Allie has straight hair and Lauren has curly hair.
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Homozygous individuals
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have identical alleles on both homologous chromosomes. Referred to by two capital letters (XX) for a dominant trait, & two lowercase letters (xx) for a recessive trait.
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The sickle cell trait, a heterozygous condition present in many black Africans, is an example of ___________?
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describes a condition in which a person has one abnormal allele of the hemoglobin beta gene (is heterozygous), but does not display the severe symptoms of sickle cell disease that occur in a person who has two copies of that allele (is homozygous)
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Which of the following explains why males are more likely than females to be affected by X-linked disorder
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Since males only have one X chromosome, any gene on the X chromosome (even those that are recessive in females) will be expressed in the males.
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The greatest barrier to the education of girls in many developing countries is
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distance to public school
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Neighbourhood resources________________
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have a greater impact on lower SES than higher SES youth?
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When widespread social problems arise, nations attempt to solve them through ________.
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public policies
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Heritability estimate is _____________?
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An estimate of the degree to which heredity governs the development of a physical or behavioural characteristic. Twin comparisons provide one means of estimating the heritability of a trait within a particular population.
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Heritability estimates are obtained from ____________.
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kinship studies
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Reactions ranges show that _____________.
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Range of reaction (or reaction range) is a concept in psychology, genetics, and related fields that the expressed characteristics (or phenotype) of an organism depend both on genetic characteristics and the environment.
