7th Grade Civics EOC Review – Flashcards
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The rules of society that regulate the way we behave
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Laws
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One of the earliest collections of written laws
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Hammurabi's code
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The early civilization that gave the western world many ideas about laws
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Romans
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Disputes of a non criminal nature are often settled with this kind of law
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Civil law
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Two parties make a business agreement and sign a written agreement. This is called what kind of law
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Contract law
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Idea that laws must be fair comes from the word
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Justice
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Idea that people agree to behave in a certain way when they decide to live with other people
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Social contract
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Which of the following is NOT a function of a law? Give knowledge, provide protection, guide behavior, organize society
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Give knowledge
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One source of the civil liberties the United States adapted from another society
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English Bill of Rights
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An early English document that contributed to the development of the jury trial
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Magma Carta
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Written law, often in codes
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Statutory law
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A sum of money to ensure a persons appearance at trial
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Bail
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judge made law
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common law
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Ruler who reformed England's legal system
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King Henry II of England
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Latin term meaning what is correct and fair
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jus
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Roman emperor who established a uniform system of laws
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Justinian
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rules people agree to live by
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general will
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Latin for "you have the body"; prohibits imprisonment with out explanation
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Habeas Corpus
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person who developed the idea of the social contract
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Rousseau
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ruler who developed one of the earliest written set of laws
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Hammurabi
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out of the following forms of government, which one seldom provides for an orderly transition of leaders?: absolute monarchy, democracy, dictatorship, totalitarian
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dictatorship
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the idea of separation of powers among three branches of government was first set forth by the writer??
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Montesquieu
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of the following forms of government, which one is limited? dictatorship, absolute monarchy, totalitarian, democracy
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democracy
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which document provided a justification for the American Revolution
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Declaration of Independence
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who put forth the idea that men in a natural state are free to make decisions, speak freely, and enjoy life?
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John Locke
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event that put an end to the Divine Right of Kings in England
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Glorious Revolution
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right of US Congress to declare war is an example of a what kind of power?
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delegated power
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the US is an example of a ________ democracy
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representative
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system in which one branch of government limits the power of another branch
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checks and balances
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the US Constitution sets the ______ within which our government may operate
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limits
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sharing powers between a federal and state government
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Federalism
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one-person rule in an unlimited government
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dictatorship
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colonial contribution to the idea of democratic government
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Mayflower Compact
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form of government with a king or queen
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monarchy
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People directly rule themselves
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Democracy
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addition to the original US Constitution
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amendment
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rule by a small group in an unlimited government
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oligarchy
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writer who promoted the idea of the natural rights of man
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John Locke
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system in which states delegate authority to a central government
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Confederal System
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first written constitution in America and the year in which it was written
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut; 1639
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national bird of the USA
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Bald Eagle
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judging another culture by standards established by one's own culture
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ethnocentrism
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a place where people feel a sense of belonging
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community
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what society considers to be important, good, and desirable
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values
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guidelines of behavior
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norms
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the way something has been done over a long period of time
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customs
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a sense of pride in one's nation
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nationalism
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an untrue generalization about a group of people
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stereotype
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referring to a society of people of different cultural backgrounds
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pluralistic society
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process of exchanging ideas
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interaction
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giving in on some demands and keeping others
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compromise
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major aim of a political party is to _____ elections
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win
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person who wrote the Federalist Papers explaining the role of factions in the US
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James Madison
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programs a political party supports during an election
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platform
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major value of third parties has been to identify ______ that many people are concerned about
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issues
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one way a lobby or special interest group influences legislation is to provide _________ to legislators
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information
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a frequent criticism of lobbies is that they exert too much __________ on lawmakers
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influence
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groups representing special interests that donate funds to a candidate's campaign fund
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Political Action Committee
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an advantage of __________________ is that it can reach millions of people in a relatively short period of time
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mass media
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things that often help candidates improve their campaign appeals
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public opinion polls
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essays written in support of the US Constitution
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Federalist Papers
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plans of action created by government
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public policy
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procedure followed to resolve important issues
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political process
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organization that tries to elect candidates to public office
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political parties
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at the Constitutional Convention of 1867, small states wanted representation in Congress to be based on __________ for all states
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equality
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the Great Compromise established what kind of Congress?
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bicameral
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organization created to assist Congress in the budget making process
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Congressional Budget Office
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vote needed to pass a bill in Congress
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majority
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final step in process of lawmaking is usually
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president's signature
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most powerful committee in the House that is involved in the lawmaking process
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Rules Committee
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the person in government who is third in line of succession to the presidency
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Speaker of the House
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house of Congress that has the responsibility to confirm presidential appointments to high government positions
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Senate
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number of years a senator serves
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6
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number of years a House Representative serves
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2
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number of years the president serves
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4
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system in which the person on a committee who has been in Congress the longest and who is a member of the majority party is named chairperson
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seniority system
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process of changing election district lines to account for gains or losses in population
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apportionment
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unlimited debate in the Senate to kill a bill
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filibuster
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permanent committee in Congress
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standing committee
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leader of the House of Representatives
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Speaker of the House
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vote to cut off debate in the Senate/number of votes
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cloture (3/5)
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filing formal charges against a government official
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impeachment
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where different versions of the same bill are combined into one
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conference committee
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lawmaking body of a government
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Legislative Branch
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one house legislature
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unicameral
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two house legislature
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bicameral
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age requirement for president
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35
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amendment that limits the number of terms a president can hold
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22
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president of the Senate, as stated in the Constitution
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Vice President
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person who has the final responsibility for the armed forces of the United States
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president
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section of the Constitution that empowers the president to negotiate treaties
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article 2
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military conflict that led to the War Powers Act of 1973
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Vietnam War
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house of Congress that ratifies treaties
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Senate
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vote by the Senate to ratify a treaty
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3-Feb
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"hat" that the president wears when he proposes a bill to Congress
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Chief Legislator
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total number of votes in the electoral college
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538
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smallest number of electoral votes any state can have
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3
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formal agreement among two or more nations
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treaty
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advisors to the president
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Cabinet
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role in which the president acts as the symbol of the nation
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Ceremonial Chief of State
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yearly address given by the president to Congress
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State of the Union
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amendment that provides for succession to the presidency
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25
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group that officially elects the president
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electoral college
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role in which the president directs the daily operation of the government and sees that the laws are carried out
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Chief Executive
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the Supreme Court is responsible for (amending/interpreting) the Constitution
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interpreting
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section of the Constitution that authorizes the setting up of federal courts
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Article 3
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court that has original jurisdiction when federal criminal laws are broken
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Federal District Court
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to take a case to a higher court for review
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appeal
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the Constitution requires this part of the government to give its "advice and consent" to the appointment of a nominee to the Supreme Court
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Senate
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power to declare a law unconstitutional
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Judicial Review
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Supreme Court justices serve for this period of time
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life
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number of justices on the Supreme Court
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9
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the number of justices voting to hear a case must be at least this number
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4
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word referring to courts in general
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judiciary
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authority to be the first to try the accused or listen to arguments in a dispute
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original jurisdiction
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the court that hears lawsuits against the government
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Court of Claims
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name for the Supreme Court decision supported by most justices
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concurring opinion
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policy of seperating people based on race
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segregation
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highest court in the nation
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Supreme Court
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court case that established judicial review
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Marbury v Madison
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members of the Supreme Court
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justices
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person who appoints Supreme Court justices
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president
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presiding judge of the Supreme Court
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Chief Justice
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authority of a court to hear a case
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jurisdiction
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President Franklin D. Roosevelt's attempt to increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court
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court packing
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person who owes allegiance to a government and is entitiled to its protection and rights
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citizen
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ways to become a citizen by birth
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if one or both parents are citizens, if a child is born in the US
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a legal resident applies for citizenship by meeting certain criteria
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naturalization
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obligations of citizenship
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pay tax, obey law, serve on jury, defend the nation
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acts that good citizens participate in
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vote, stay informed, volunteer
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rule by the people
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democracy
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system of government in which the citizens themselves make the decisions and vote on laws (some New England towns still do this)
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direct democracy
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system of government in which citizens elect representatives to make laws and decisions
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representative democracy
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government by a priestly class claiming to have divine authority
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theocracy
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absence of government
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anarchy
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system of government under which people elect representatives to a lawmaking body and the executive power is held by the majority leader
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parlimentary
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system of government in which power is sharted between state and national government
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federal
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system of government in which states hold most power but delegate some authority to a small central government
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confederal
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highly centralized government, local (state) government has little to no control
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unitary
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branch of government that makes/writes laws (Congress)
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legislative
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branch of government that carries out and executes laws (President, VP, Cabinet)
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executive
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branch of government that interprets/applies laws
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judicial
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number of members in the House of Representatives
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435
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laws that must begin in the House
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tax and revenue
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the House has the power to get rid of, or ________ federal officials
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impeach
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minimum age to be a member of the House of Representatives
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25
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number of members in the Senate
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100
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minimum age to be a member of the Senate
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30
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number of years in a Senate member's term
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6
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number of years in a House member's term
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2
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the Senate serves as what in impeachment trials?
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jury
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house of Congress that confirms presidential appointments
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Senate
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house of Congress that ratifies treaties
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Senate
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how long you must be a resident of the US to be president
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14
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person who has the authority to veto laws passed by Congress
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president
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organization that can declare laws unconstitutional
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Supreme Court
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federal government laws have what over state laws?
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supremacy
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number of ways to amend the Constitution
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4
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amendment process most often used
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proposed by Congress, ratification by state legislatures
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amendment process used only once
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Proposed by Congress (2/3), ratification by state conventions (3/4)
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first 10 amendments
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Bill of Rights
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freedoms protected by the first amendment
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Religion, Assembly, Pres, Petition, Speech
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rights protected by the 2nd amendment
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bear arms and raise militias
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3rd amendment prevented what?
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quartering of troops
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4th amendment protected against what?
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unreasonable searches and seizures
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5th amendment (rights of the accused)
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due process, protection against self incrimination, no double jeopardy
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6th amendment (other rights of the accused)
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speedy trial, lawyer, jury trial
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7th amendment allows for right to a what?
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jury trial
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amendment that protects against unfair bail, fines, and punishment
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8
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amendment that states citizens are entitled to rights not listed in the US Constitution
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9
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10th amendment deals with powers reserved for the (insert word here) and people
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states
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13th amendment does what?
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abolishes slavery
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amendment that guarantees citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law
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14
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15th amendment allows former slaves to what?
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vote
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amendment that deals with women's suffrage
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19
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amendment that forbids voting taxes
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24
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26th amendment sets what age as the voting age?
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18
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acronym that gives the order for how a bill becomes a law
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DICFCVPO
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set of laws that concerns disputes between individuals/individuals and the government
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civil
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set of laws relating to offenses against public order
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criminal
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laws that deal with Constitutional issues
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constitutional
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statutes, codes, and common traditions relating to military courts for the disipline, trial, and punishment of military personnel
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military
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Marbury v Madison established the power of what?
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judicial review
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ruled that the state of Maryland could not tax the 2nd national bank...expanded powers of federal government
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McCulloch v Maryland
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Dred Scott v Standford said slaves were not what?
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citizens
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Plessy v Ferguson legitimized and reinforced _____________ laws
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segregation
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held that seperate but equal was not equal and lead to desegregation
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Brown v Board of Education
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states must provide attorneys for defendants who cannot afford them
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Gideon v Wainwright
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established Miranda rights (must be read to people taken into custody)
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Miranda v Arizona
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case in which juvenile defendants should be given the same rights as adult criminal defendants
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In re Gault
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Tinker v Des Moines established that schools cannot ignore _____ ________ rights
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1st amendment
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US v Nixon stated that the president is not what?
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above the law
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schools may limit speech/expression if it interferes with the school's mission
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Hazelwood v Kulmeier
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supreme court stopped all recounts in the 2000 election
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Bush v Gore
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established the natural rights of man (life, liberty, property)
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John Locke
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established seperation of powers
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Montesquieu
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person who approved the ratification of the constitution
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federalist
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established that no one (not even the king) is above the law
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rule of law
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limits the power of the king
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Magna Carta
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guaranteed basic civil rights of citizens that the government cannot take away
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English Bill of Rights
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law and order contract for the settlers of Plymouth Colony
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Mayflower Compact
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written by Thomas Paine, a pamphlet saying that the American colonies independence from Britan was "common sense"
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Common Sense
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13 American colonies declare themselves independent of British rule
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Declaration of Independence
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created the first government of the US
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Articles of Confederation
