question

Early settlements in the Americas

answer

Massachusetts Bay Colony

question

Joint-Stock Company

answer

Enabled a certain amount of investors to pull their capital; only if the colony is some to succeed.

question

Early Jamestown

answer

first permanant English Settlement

question

Second Anglo-Powhatan War in 1644

answer

fought between the English in Jamestown and Indian Leader

question

Tobacco Cultivation

answer

made a need for more labor, causing the bringing of more African slaves

question

Slavery in Carolinas

answer

...

question

Colonial regions: similarities and differences

answer

...

question

General Court

answer

...

question

Mayflower Compact

answer

agreement to establish a body polatic and majority rule in America

question

Fundamental Orders

answer

1639 Connecticut drafted in open meeting a document; was in effect a modern constitution; established a regime democratically; controlled by "substantial" citizens.

question

Roger Williams

answer

Popular Salem minister radical ideas; wanted to make clean break with corrupt church of England probably built first Baptist church; established complete freedom of religion; Rhode Island

question

King Philip's War

answer

Ended New England Indians' attempts to halt white expansion in America

question

"Headright" system

answer

parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America, used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists.

question

Indentured servants

answer

European servants that emmigrated to America in hopes of opportunity

question

Bacon's Rebellion

answer

Rebellion of discontent former landless servants led by Nathaniel Bacon. Though the rebellion was crushed, it caused a move from indentured servants to African slaves for labor purposes.

question

"The Middle Passage"

answer

Part of the Triangle Trade, Africans were transported to the Americas, where they were traded for sugar and tobacco, reffered to as the journey from Africa to the Americas

question

Reasons for slavery

answer

...

question

New England Family

answer

less disease, longevity, tended to migrate as families, more women than in the south, more stable family life, grandparents,

question

Salem Witchcraft trials

answer

execution of 20 women as a result of conspiracies

question

Early American compared to Europeans

answer

...

question

Triangular Trade

answer

three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Aferica sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa

question

Religion in colonial America

answer

...

question

Jonathan Edwards

answer

A Congregationalist preacher of the Great Awakening who spoke of the fiery depths of hell.

question

Great Awakening

answer

Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.

question

Colonial schools and colleges

answer

...

question

John Peter Zenger

answer

zenger trial, freedom of the press

question

Political principle in colonial America

answer

...

question

Colonial elections and voting requirements

answer

...

question

New France's valuable resources

answer

...

question

Jesuit priests

answer

French Catholic missionaries who attempted to convert Native Americans and save them from fur trappers. Important explorers and geographers.

question

Treaty of Utrecht

answer

at the end of a Euro war fought along the Florida & Canadian borders (King William's War, 1689-97, Queen Anne's War, 1702-13), the Treaty gave England the French lands of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, & the area around Hudson Bay

question

Albany Congress of 1754

answer

inter colonial congress summoned by Benjamin Franklin to provide a system for taxes; keep Iroquois loyal to British; defense from France; colonists- did not want to relinquish control of their right to tax themselves, nor unite together.

question

Seven Years' War/ French and Indian War

answer

British officials were disturbed by the lukewarm support of many colonials

question

Proclamation of 1763

answer

was created to alleviate relations with natives after the French and Indian War and started that Americans were not permitted to passed the Appalachian Mountains.

question

Republican beliefs at development of nation

answer

...

question

Mercantilism

answer

an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

question

Sugar Act

answer

placed a tax on molasses and sugar which was suppose to stop the smuggling and bribery that was associated with the tax on molasses

question

Stamp Act

answer

A tax that the British Pariliament placed on newspapers and official documents sold in the American Colonies

question

Declaratory Act

answer

Parliament passed it in 1766, repealed Stamp Act, stated that the colonies were entirely subordinate to Parliament's authority and that Parliament had the authority to legislate for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever."

question

Townshend Acts

answer

A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea

question

Declaration of Independence purpose

answer

...

question

Tories

answer

otherwise known as Loyalists during the revolutionary war

question

Whigs

answer

otherwise known as patriots, for America, hated loyalists, Radials- British political commentators, nervous about the power of Parliament and the monarch, warned the colonists to be always on the lookout for a violation of their rights.

question

Loyalists

answer

"Tories" in the revolutionary war who were loyal to England- many were older men

question

Sons of Liberty

answer

colonists, formed to keep colonies informed of events and organize protests against British (boycotts, riots, articles

question

George Washington

answer

Virginian, patriot, general, and president. Lived at Mount Vernon. Led the Revolutionary Army in the fight for independence. First President of the United States.

question

Battle of Saratoga

answer

Turning point of the American Revolution, convinced the French to give the U.S. military support, lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat Great Britain

question

Revolutionary War

answer

war against British proclaiming independence of the US

question

...

answer

...

question

Articles of Confederation

answer

came before the constitution, failed

question

Treaty of Paris 1783

answer

Ended the French/Indian War, Ended the Revolution, recognized American Independence, granted all land south of Canada to Florida & Atlantic to Mississippi to Americans

question

Question of Slavery in Constitution

answer

...

question

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

answer

created a policy for administering the Northwestern Territories; it included a path to statehood and forbade the expansion of slavery into the territories

question

Land Ordinance of 1785

answer

provided for the sale of land in the old Northwest and earmaked the proceeds toward repayign the national debt

question

Philadelphia convention

answer

all of the states except Rhode Island sent delegates, George Washington served as president of the convention, lasted 16 weeks, produced the present Constitution of the United States, which was draftedmostly by James Madison.

question

"Father of the Constitution"

answer

...

question

Great compromise @ constitutional Convention

answer

the bill of rights

question

"Three-fifths Compromise"

answer

Slaves count as 3/5 of a person when it comes to voting

question

Antifederalists

answer

...

question

Bill of Rights

answer

the first 10 amendments of the constitution

question

Alexander Hamiltion's financial plan

answer

favored the wealthy, proposed funding the national debt, assuming state debts, establishing a national bank, a low protective wall around infant industries.

question

Hamiltion's proposed bank of US

answer

was based on the "necessary and proper," or "elastic," clause in the Constitution

question

Whiskey Rebellion of 1794

answer

farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders, the army put down the rebellion, showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.

question

Hamilton's position on public policy

answer

privledges for the upper class

question

Jefferson's position on public policy

answer

government support for business

question

Washington's Farewell Address of 1796

answer

advised the nation to steer clear of permanent allies and he urged us to have as little connection as possible

question

Alien and Sedition Acts

answer

4 laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams; the Naturalization Act, the Alien Act, the Sedition Act

question

Hamiltonian Federalists

answer

little faith in the average person, rich should be in charge, federal government should have most power, economy based on business,

question

Jeffersonian Republican "ideal citizens"

answer

independent farmer

question

Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans

answer

favored strong central government, the best should rule (similar to a monarchy), favored a republic (small gov. with limited powers), economy based on agriculture, constitution was only guidance,

question

Jefferson's 'Revolution of 1800'

answer

since Jefferson is President, country can change political parties without violence

question

Prejudice of early 19th century women

answer

too much learning would injure their brains and is bad for their healh

question

Hudson River School

answer

Indian boarding school designed to americanize Native American children.

question

"Civil Disobedience"

answer

written by Henry David Thoreau, expressed opposition to the Mexican War, argued that individuals have a moral responsibility to oppose unjust laws & unjust actions by gov'ts. This essay influenced Dr. King's philosophy of nonviolence

question

Planter Aristocracy

answer

government was heavily affected by the planter aristocracy, dominance of aristocracy in the South widened the gap between the rich and poor because the aristocrats made all the decisions in their favor in government.

question

Increase of Slave Population

answer

natural breeding, marriages, etc.

question

Marbury v. Madison

answer

established that the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review was constitutional.

question

Louisiana Territory purpose

answer

land would ensure liberty and the existence of the republic- good for shipping and trading, gave more land to US

question

impressment

answer

British practice of taking any sailors (not just British) and forcing them into military service if needed in an emergency. Infuriated Jefferson and American merchants

question

British/French violation of US neutraility

answer

Thomas Jefferson imposed Embargo (ograbme)

question

War Hawks

answer

most were in the west and fronteirs, minority, wanted war

question

Tecumseh

answer

leader of the Indian military efforts, realized that they could only defeat the whites and take back the Northwest if they united, set out down the Mississippi river to visit tribes and persuade them to join him in the Tecumseh confederacy and battle the whites who had wrongly taken their land through treaties

question

Fort McHenry

answer

Burning of Washington

question

Battle of New Orleans

answer

British invasion, 2500 British soldiers were killed/captured, only 8 men were killed from US, Treaty of Ghent had ended the War of 1812 two weeks before the battle, inspired American nationalism

question

Battle of Tippecanoe

answer

Americans v. Shawnee Indians. led by governor William Henry Harrison, the Americans defeated the Shawnee's and Tecumseh in the Indiana Territory.

question

Hartford Convention Resolutions

answer

wanted to cecede

question

By-products of War of 1812

answer

...

question

Henry Clay's American System

answer

wanted national banking, national tariffs, and national roads

question

Opposers of the American System

answer

opposers of bank, tariff, roads

question

Demise of Federalist party

answer

Hartford Convention

question

Era of Good Feelings

answer

One-party rule

question

Missouri Compromise

answer

sectionalism allowed slavery, 36-30 line

question

McCulloch v. Maryland

answer

attempt to destroy the bank

question

Cohens v. Virginia

answer

guilty of selling lottery tickets

question

Gibbons v. Ogden

answer

NY waterways

question

John Marshall

answer

served in the Continental Army during the Revolution, embraced the Federalist Party, ruled that the Supreme Court could not compel Madison to deliver Marbury's commission, argued the Court could not issue a writ of mandamus in its original jurisdiction, 1st time the court had declared an act of Congress unconstitutional

question

Monroe Doctrine

answer

an address to congress about European powers

question

1824 presidential election

answer

first election of a minority president

question

Spoils system

answer

public office jobs are given to the supporters of whichever political party had power at the time

question

Tariff of 1828

answer

protective tariff passed by the U.S. Congress, known as the "Tariff of Abominations" to its Southern detractors because of the effects it had on the Antebellum Southern economy; the highest tariff in U.S. peacetime, goal was to protect industry in the northern United States from competing European goods by increasing the prices of European products.

question

Nullification Crisis of 1832-1833

answer

rights of states to declare federal laws illegal, Keeps the feds in check in regard to state laws.

question

Jackson's policy of Native Americans

answer

move Indians west of the Mississippi

question

Americans Moving to Texas

answer

most were white southerners and their slaves,

question

Democratic and Whig party similarity

answer

broad party politics- no socio-economic difference, mass political participation

question

Irish Immigrants

answer

hated because they were Catholic

question

Nativism

answer

movement based on hostility to immigrants

question

Patriotism

answer

...

question

Cult of Domesticity

answer

mothers, Kathrine Beacher

question

Eli Whitney

answer

invented the Cotton gin and interchangable parts

question

First Industrial Revolution in America

answer

mainly TEXTILES

question

Cotton Gin

answer

Increased Slavery

question

Samuel Morse

answer

Telegraph

question

Cyrus mcCormick

answer

invented the mechanical reaper for harvesting

question

Elias Howe

answer

invented the sewing machine

question

Robert Fulton

answer

invented the Steamboat

question

Economies of various regions

answer

...

question

Second Great Awakening

answer

largely reversed the trends toward religious indifference and rationalism of the late eighteenth century

question

Tax-supported public education

answer

...

question

Noah Webster

answer

invented the dictionary- made English an established language

question

Uncle Tom's Cabin

answer

written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, proved harsh realities of slavery

question

Least successful form of slave resistance

answer

Fighting

question

William Lloyd Garrison

answer

published the first edition of "The Liberator" triggering a 30-year war of words and in a sense firing one of the first shots of the Civil War

question

Dispute of Maine Border

answer

...

question

annexing Texas

answer

...

question

Manifest Destiny

answer

the idea that the US was destined to expand across the continent

question

James K. Polk

answer

Dark-horse predidential winner in 1844 who effectively carried out ambitious expansionist campaign- MANIFEST DESTINY

question

Oregon Treaty

answer

established an U.S./Canadian (British) border along this parallel. The boundary along the 49th parallel extended from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.

question

War with Mexico: causes & effects

answer

...

question

Spot Resolutions

answer

offered by Congressman Abraham Lincoln demanding to know the precise location where Mexicans had allegedly shed American blood on the "America" soil.

question

William Proviso

answer

passed by house and not the senate, prohibited slavery from land aqcuired from Mexico

question

Popular Sovereignty

answer

created by Stephen Douglas

question

Harriet Tubman

answer

primary leader of the underground railroad

question

Seventh of March Speech 1850

answer

...

question

Compromise of 1850

answer

package of five bills, defused a four year confrontation between the southern slave states and the northern Free states following the Mexican American War. Drafted by Henry Clay and brokered by Stephen Douglas, temporarily avoided secession or civil war at the time, quieted a sectional conflict for 4 years.

question

Fatal Split of Whig party in 1852

answer

...

question

Gadsden Purchase

answer

Region of present day southern Arizona and New Mexico purchased by the USA from Mexico in a treaty signed by President Franklin Pierce. Last major addition to the territorial acquisition by the US.

question

Matthew Perry

answer

the Commodore of the U.S. Navy who compelled the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854

question

Stephen A Douglas

answer

popular sovereignty

question

Kansas-Nebraska Act

answer

divides and uses pop sov. To determine slavery sliced Nebraska into two territories, status to be settled by popular sovereignty, Stephen Douglas

question

"Bleeding Kansas"

answer

A term describing the prairie territory where a small civil war in Kansas broke out in 1856.

question

Lecompton Constitution

answer

Kansas, slavery

question

Preston S. Brooks and Charles Sumner clash

answer

cane beating in congress, proved that slavery was a big controversy and affects everyone

question

Know-Nothing Party in 1856

answer

against immigrants, led by Millard Filmore

question

Dred Scott Case

answer

blacks had no civil or human rights and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in territories

question

Harpers Ferry

answer

John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists; seized the federal arsenal; Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; Brown was hanged

question

Crittenden Compromise

answer

slavery proposed in new territories which would break the Missouri compromise; Lincoln opposed

question

Secession

answer

formally withdrawing membership of the U.S.

question

Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis

answer

A.L. - J.D.- president of confederate states, also U.S. senator

question

Border States

answer

Northern-most slave states that did not attempt to secede

question

Union war stradegy

answer

blockades,

question

Women during the Civil War

answer

nurses- helped heal wounded soldiers

question

Emancipation Proclamation

answer

Declared all slaves in rebelling states to be free but did not affect slavery in non-rebelling Border States; closed door on possible compromise with the South and encouraged thousands of Southern slaves to flee to Union lines.

question

Battles of Antietam and Gettysburg

answer

...

question

Freedman's Beureau

answer

Constitutional amendment that extended civil rights to freedmen and prohibited States from taking away such rights without due process.

question

13th, 14th, 15th amendments

answer

13- end slavery, 14- granted citizenship to African Americans, 15- granted African Americans the right to vote

question

Black Codes

answer

Laws passed throughout the South to restrict the rights of emancipated blacks, particularly with respect to negotiating labor contracts; Increased Northerners' criticisms of President Andrew Johnson's lenient Reconstruction policies.

question

Varying plans for reconstruction

answer

...

question

Ku Klux Klan

answer

White paramilitary organization whose members, cloaked in sheets to conceal their identities, terrorized freedmen and sympathetic whites throughout the South after the Civil War.

question

Force Acts

answer

Passed by Congress following a wave of Ku Klux Klan violence, banned clan membership, prohibited the use of intimidation to prevent blacks from voting, and gave the U.S. military the authority to enforce the acts.

question

Impeachment

answer

kicking a president out of office

question

Seward's Folly

answer

Another name for the purchase of Alaska, bought by William Seward from Russia

question

Credit Mobilier

answer

1872; tarred Grant's presidency; Union Pacific Railroad insiders formed this construction company and then hired themselves at inflated prices to build railroad line, earnings at 348 percent; bribed congressmen with it; a newspaper expose and congressional investigation of the scandal led to the formal censure of two congressmen and the revelation that the vice president had accepted payments from this company

question

Boss Tweed

answer

A boss of a political machine in New York who ministered to the immigrants' needs.

question

Thomas Nast

answer

New York Times cartoonist; portrayed Boss Tweed mercilessly; cartoons were influential because Tweed's illiterate followers could understand them

question

Pendleton Act

answer

1883; by Garfield's murder; made campaign contributions from federal employees illegal and established the Civil Service Commission to make appointments to federal jobs on the basis of competitive examinations rather than "pull"

question

Compromise of 1877

answer

reconstruction ends

question

Plessy v. Ferguson and Jim Crow Laws

answer

part-black Plessy is forced to move to the back of a train even though he looks mainly white, established "Seperate but Equal"

question

Captains of Industry and Robber Barons

answer

...

question

John D. Rockefeller

answer

Founder of the Standard Oil Company, known for one of the biggest monopolies of all time

question

Andrew Carnegie

answer

Creates Carnegie Steel; Gets bought out by banker JP Morgan and renamed U.S. Steel; used vertical integration by buying all the steps needed for production; philanthropist; one of the "Robber barons"

question

Interstate Commerce Act

answer

Established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) - monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states - created to regulate railroad prices

question

Booker T. Washington

answer

Ex-slave; called to head the black school in Tuskegee, Alabama. Started with about 40 students; taught blacks useful trades so they would gain self-respect and economic security.

question

W.E.B. Dubois

answer

Called Booker Washington an Uncle Tom who was condemning their race to manual labor and inferiority; demanded complete equality; helped found the National Association for Advancement of Colored People; said tenth of blacks should have full access to mainstream of American life

question

Women's suffrage movement

answer

National American Women's Suffrage Association- organization formed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and others to promote the vote for women

question

Morrill Act of 1862

answer

Provided a grant of lands to states for support of education; led to creation of land-grant colleges

question

"New Immigrants"

answer

second major wave of immigrants to the U.S.; between 1865-1910; came mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe, fleeing persecution and poverty. Language barriers and cultural differences produced mistrust by Americans.

question

Settlement Houses

answer

Institutions located in poor neighborhoods that provided community services such as medical care, child care, libraries, and classes in English

question

Prohibition Movement

answer

prohibition of alcohol

question

American Federation of Labor

answer

Samuel Gompers; to give workers voice in independent America; only skilled workers (no women or blacks but women somehow gained membership); boycotts & strikes

question

Knights of Labor

answer

1st effort to create National union; open to everyone but lawyers and bankers; no clear goals, weak leadership and organization; failed

question

Transcontinental Railroad

answer

a railroad that connected the eastern United States to the western United States. The railroad firmly bonded the West Coast the Union, created a trade route to the far-east, and helped the western expansion

question

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

answer

first government movement to prohibit trusts

question

Populist Party

answer

Started as Farmer's Alliance, farmers came together and became organized, translated into Populists; wanted to unite farmers of south/west/poor blacks/whites and industrial/factory workers

question

Plains Indian wars

answer

...

question

Effects of the railroads

answer

trade,

question

Homestead Act

answer

republicans liked it, passed in 1862, gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years, settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25.

question

"Granger Laws"

answer

organization of farmers called the Grange, wanted to regulate railway rates and storage fees charged by railroads, warehouses, and grain elevators through state legislation; laws that were passed, but eventually reversed

question

William Jennings Bryan

answer

was a leading American politician from the 1890s until his death; was a dominant force in the liberal wing of the Democratic Party; three times as candidate for President

question

Imperialism

answer

the US imperialized puerto rico, cuba, hawaii, etc.

question

Filipino Insurrection

answer

an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the United States which arose from the struggle of the First Philippine Republic to gain independence following annexation by the United States

question

Open Door Policy

answer

allowing equal access from the countries to Chinese consumers

question

Roosevelt Corallary

answer

Used threat of military force to basically justify intervention of Latin American territories

question

"Gentlemen's Agreement"

answer

U.S. would stop school segregation for Asians, Japan agreed to no more Japanese Immigration to the U.S.

APUSH Semester 1 Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards