Home Page Law Criminal Law Crime Scene Criminal Investigations mid term - Flashcards

Criminal Investigations mid term – Flashcards

Sean Hill

7 July 2022

question

A ____________ approach to case investigation involves using specialists in various fields from within a particular jurisdiction

answer

multidisciplinary

question

A criminal's modus operandi is the details of

answer

how, when and where a criminal usually operates.

question

A logical process of investigation includes

answer

obtaining physical evidence legally, effectively interviewing witnesses, legally and effectively interrogating suspects, thoroughly developing leads and recording all details.

question

According to the text, most cases that are lost are lost during what part of the investigation?

answer

in the first hour

question

According to the text, when both the public and other professions within the justice system have unrealistic expectations of CSI abilities, law enforcement agencies are said to be suffering from what?

answer

CSI effect

question

At a death scene, which would not be of immediate concern?

answer

identifying the body

question

Because definitions of crimes and their penalties vary considerably depending on where they occur, investigators must be familiar with

answer

local ordinances, county ordinances and state statutes.

question

Crime mapping focuses on

answer

hot spots where crime occurs.

question

Critical aspects of a successful investigation include thorough planning and preparation, efficient information management, a focus on effective communication and

answer

advanced role definition and delineation of responsibilities.

question

The initial contact with law enforcement in a criminal investigation is usually made between a citizen and a

answer

dispatcher.

question

The act of sifting through the mountains of available information to find the data that pertains to an investigator's case is referred to as

answer

data mining.

question

The Latin term that means "to track or trace" and that relates most closely with contemporary police investigations is

answer

vestigare.

question

Spontaneous statements uttered by a suspect at the time of a crime, concerning and closely related to actions involved in the crime, are referred to as what type of statements?

answer

res gestae

question

Securing the crime scene is a major responsibility of the

answer

first officer(s) on the scene.

question

Problem-oriented policing places a high value on new responses that are more

answer

preventive.

question

Medical examiners and coroners' (ME/C) offices provide death investigation services locally and are responsible for what type of investigation of deaths?

answer

all of these choices

question

In cases where officers were not able to complete the investigation for some reason, what may be required?

answer

follow-up investigation

question

Determining the optimal case assignment load, determining what factors are needed to solve crimes and reducing the number of crimes assigned for investigations that cannot be solved are all ways to increase

answer

investigative productivity.

question

What type of response time is necessary to increase the probability of arrest at the scene?

answer

one minute or less

question

Which process helps detectives use maps to understand the hunting patterns of serial criminals, to determine where these offenders might live and to identify offenders' next likely target?

answer

crime mapping

question

Which statement is not one of the components of CompStat?

answer

increase in arrests and convictions

question

Which term describes a logical process in which a conclusion follows from specific facts?

answer

deductive reasoning

question

Whose staff can provide information and advice to investigators about legal issues, search and seizure, warrants, confessions and admissibility of evidence?

answer

prosecutor

question

An inference is

answer

a process of reasoning by which a fact may be deduced.

question

A fact is

answer

an action, an event, a circumstance or an actual thing done.

question

Presynct_DictaTrans field-based reporting system

answer

all of these choices.

question

A major advance is the ability of computer software to stitch together digital photos of 180 degrees or more to create one 360-degree photo—a panoramic view of a crime scene that is interactive, allowing viewers, including jury members, to walk through it as though they were there. This type of 360-degree photographic view is called

answer

immersive imaging.

question

A sketch drawn or personally witnessed by an investigator that accurately portrays a crime scene and that is allowed into evidence is referred to as what type of sketch

answer

admissible

question

Admissible photographs must be

answer

all of these choices.

question

Approximately what percentage of an officer's time is spent writing reports?

answer

20 percent

question

Being concise means to

answer

eliminate wordiness.

question

Citizen Online Report Writing is appropriate for

answer

discovery crimes.

question

Crime scene photographs are

answer

none of these choices.

question

Due process disclosure of what type of evidence must be determined and made by the prosecutor?

answer

exculpatory information

question

In a police report, the majority of statements should be

answer

facts.

question

In which direction should the top of a sketch be oriented?

answer

north

question

Investigative reports are read by many people and used for many purposes. Which of the following is not an example of how a report would typically be used?

answer

Convey information to the victim or the victim's family.

question

Many agencies fail to do this with those tasked with videotaping a crime scene:

answer

provide adequate training.

question

Officers should not write reports in the

answer

passive voice.

question

Once a report is written, the writer should:

answer

Proofread it.

question

One benefit of a well-written report is that it can

answer

all of these choices.

question

One of the disadvantages of photographs is that

answer

they are not selective.

question

Photographs should be taken

answer

before anything is disturbed.

question

Photographs should be taken in the following order:

answer

general area, specific area, specific objects.

question

Providing proof that the image introduced into evidence is the same image taken at the crime scene is referred to as

answer

image authentication.

question

Record all information that helps to answer the questions of

answer

Who? What? Where? When? How? and Why?

question

Which of the following is true of writing completed in the active voice?

answer

The subject of the sentence performs the actions.

question

Which of the following is not a benefit of a well-written report?

answer

It is geared subjectively to enhance prosecution.

question

Which is not associated with some of the common problems with police reports?

answer

inability to type

question

When organizing notes for a police report, officers should not

answer

use a table of contents.

question

Mincey v. Arizona established that

answer

while officers are on the premises pursuing their legitimate emergency activities, any evidence in plain view may be seized.

question

Terry v. Ohio supported officers' right to

answer

conduct a patdown or a frisk if they believe the person might be armed and dangerous.

question

Wyoming v. Houghton (1999) held that an officer may search an automobile passenger's belongings simply because the officer suspects the driver has done something wrong. This ruling, which was intended to prevent drivers from claiming that illegal drugs or other contraband belongs to passengers rather than themselves, is referred to as the

answer

passenger property exception.

question

A genetic fingerprint is obtained from a suspect's

answer

DNA

question

A judge may issue a search warrant if which of the following items are being sought by an officer?

answer

stolen or embezzled property

question

A lane search, or partitioning the area into lanes,

answer

can be adapted to any number of police personnel.

question

A search conducted with a warrant must be limited to

answer

only the specific area and items named in the warrant.

question

A way of folding paper so that evidence does not fall out is referred as a

answer

druggist fold.

question

A way to determine if probable cause exists today is which test?

answer

totality-of-the-circumstances test

question

AFIS stands for

answer

automated fingerprint identification system.

question

Consent to search is valid only if given

answer

voluntarily.

question

DNA profiling can be done using

answer

cells from almost any part of the body.

question

DNA testing is expensive and takes a lot of time. Because of this, laboratories require that

answer

all of these choices.

question

Emergency circumstances (such as fire or officers hearing shots fired or screams) that allow officers to enter a home without a warrant are referred to as

answer

exigent circumstances.

question

Every lawful arrest is accompanied by a search of the arrested person. This is referred to as

answer

search incident to arrest.

question

Evidence disposal can occur

answer

all of these choices.

question

Fingerprints can indicate

answer

none of these choices.

question

Hair analysis can reveal all but which of the following?

answer

age and gender

question

Hopefully, a well-organized, thorough and proper organization of a crime scene search will result in

answer

a meticulous search with no accidental destruction of evidence.

question

In United States v. Leon, the court established that illegally obtained evidence may be admissible if the police were truly not aware they were violating a suspect's Fourth Amendment rights. In this case, the police were following up on a tip from an unreliable informant, which later invalidated the warrant. This exception is called the

answer

good-faith doctrine.

question

In the examination of objects of physical evidence, class characteristics are important because they can

answer

place an item into a specific category.

question

Which term refers to the spiral pattern cut down the length of a firearm's barrel

answer

rifling

question

When evidence is no longer needed, it is

answer

any of these may be appropriate.

question

When evidence is collected, an officer should record in his or her notes the

answer

time, date and location the item was found; the individual who found it; the case number; a description of the item; and who took it into custody.

question

What type of evidence forms a substantive part of the case or has a legitimate and effective influence on the decision of the case?

answer

material

question

Field or show-up identification is on-the-scene identification of a suspect by a victim or witness of a crime. The show-up must be

answer

close in time to the incident.

question

Florida v. Riley (1989) approved the warrantless aerial surveillance, noting that

answer

there should be no reasonable expectation of privacy from the skies above.

question

A field identification is also called a

answer

show-up.

question

Force necessary to overcome resistance offered during an arrest is referred to as

answer

reasonable force.

question

If a public threat exists, questioning to reduce that threat may occur before the reading of the Miranda warning. Which case highlighted this

answer

New York v. Quarles

question

In Miranda v. Arizona, who won the ultimate appeal and why?

answer

Miranda, because his rights had not been explained to him properly

question

In Saucier v. Katz (2001), the Supreme Court held that the guide for use of excessive force is that

answer

the force is objectively reasonable under Fourth Amendment excessive force analysis.

question

In United States v. Knotts (1983), the Court ruled that installing and monitoring a bird dog tracking device in a public location

answer

does not violate a suspect's rights.

question

In United States v. Wade, the Court said that a suspect must be informed of his or her right to have a lawyer present during what type of process?

answer

lineups

question

In Whren v. United States (1996), the Supreme Court affirmed that officers could stop vehicles to allay any suspicions even though they have no evidence of criminal behavior. This type of stop is referred to as a

answer

pretextual stop.

question

In addition to physical evidence, three primary sources of information are available:

answer

reports, records and databases; people who are not suspects in a crime but know something of the crime; and suspects in the crime.

question

In the DEA smuggling case United States v. Weaver (1992), what did the Court rule?

answer

that race can be considered among other factors to use in developing suspects

question

Information or data is not intelligence. Information needs which component to become intelligence?

answer

analysis

question

Live lineups generally contain

answer

five to ten individuals.

question

Making a legal arrest, gaining information for warrants or even preventing crime can all be the result of

answer

surveillance.

question

On a linear use-of-force continuum, where do "hard empty hand techniques" fall in relation to the use of a TASER or chemical agent?

answer

They fall to the right (i.e., they are less forceful).

question

Once a confession has been obtained, investigators should

answer

corroborate the confession using independent evidence.

question

People may volunteer information if approached correctly. Consequently, the following technique is useful to demonstrate when conducting an interview.

answer

developing rapport

question

Psychological profiling

answer

can help eliminate and develop suspects.

question

Some research has found that the incidence of false confessions is

answer

higher than many believe and exacerbated by certain interrogation tactics.

question

Surveillance, undercover assignments and raids are used only when

answer

normal methods of continuing the investigation fail to produce results.

question

The best place to interrogate a suspect is usually

answer

at the police department.

question

The fundamental distinction between the Fifth and Sixth Amendment right to counsel hinges on the issue of

answer

custody

question

Which of the following questions is most direct?

answer

Did you assault George Smith at 5th and Main last night?"

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of an effective interviewer/interrogator?

answer

all of these choices

question

A common indicator of suicide using a knife is

answer

hesitation wounds.

question

A dead body that sinks in water usually remains immersed for

answer

8 to 10 days in warm water and 2 to 3 weeks in cold water.

question

A stiffening of portions of the body after death is referred to as

answer

rigor mortis.

question

A study of 800 homicide cases found that investigators are more likely to clear a homicide if

answer

they arrive at the scene within 30 minutes of being notified.

question

Deaths are classified by type as

answer

natural, accidental noncriminal, suicide, homicide noncriminal and criminal.

question

If death is caused by carbon monoxide poisoning, lividity is

answer

cherry red or strong pink.

question

In assessing victim-offender relationships (VOR,), violence that is goal-directed predatory behavior used to exert control—such as a carjacker who shoots his victim before stealing the vehicle—is referred as what type of violence?

answer

instrumental violence

question

It can be assumed that a victim has died on land if

answer

half of the victim's eye looks dry when the body is brought out of the water

question

Most cases of hanging are

answer

suicides.

question

Most medical examinations of a deceased person are conducted primarily to

answer

determine the time and cause of death.

question

Murder is classified as

answer

criminal homicide.

question

Noncriminal homicide includes

answer

justifiable homicide.

question

Premeditation would be a requirement in which case?

answer

first-degree murder

question

Rigor mortis is at its maximum at about ____________ hours after death.

answer

12 to 24 hours

question

Shotgun wounds produce __________ than single bullets.

answer

neither smaller exit nor smaller entry wounds

question

Staging refers to

answer

both the positioning of the victim's body and the manipulation of the scene around the victim's body.

question

The criminal or noncriminal, felonious or nonfelonious taking of life by another human or by an agency, such as a government, is called

answer

homicide.

question

The first priority in a preliminary homicide investigation is to

answer

secure the safety of the scene.

question

The poison known as the King of Poisons and the Poison of Kings is

answer

arsenic.

question

The postmortem cooling process of the body is called

answer

algor mortis.

question

The study of poisons can determine the type of poison, the amount ingested, the approximate time ingested and the effect on the body. This field is referred to as

answer

toxicology.

question

The type of "lust murderer" who is usually of above-average intelligence, methodical and cunning, and socially skilled, and who tricks victims into situations in which he can torture and then murder them, is called a(n),

answer

organized offender.

question

What may occur if a body is exposed to an extremely hot and dry climate?

answer

mummification

question

What type of murder usually includes the killing of three or more separate victims with a "cooling off" period between the killings?

answer

serial murder

question

A "date rape" drug that can be found in an odorless, colorless liquid form or as a pill or white powder and that has psychological effects including confusion, depression, anxiety, sleeplessness, drug craving and paranoia is called MDMA or

answer

Ecstasy.

question

A "date rape" drug that is found in a white powder form and that can cause hallucinations, lost sense of time and identity, distorted perceptions of sight and sound, feeling out of control, impaired motor function, breathing problems, convulsions, vomiting, out-of-body experiences, memory problems, a dream-like feeling, numbness and loss of coordination is

answer

ketamine.

question

A common "date rape" drug is

answer

Rohypnol.

question

A particularly difficult type of sexual assault is date rape, sometimes called

answer

acquaintance rape.

question

Acknowledging the severe and dangerous nature of drug-assisted sexual assaults, the Drug-Induced Rape Prevention and Punishment Act, signed in 1996, allows courts to impose prison sentences up to __________ on anyone who distributes an illicit drug to someone intending to commit sexual assault.

answer

20 years

question

Aggravated assault requires

answer

severe bodily injury to the victim.

question

An act toward the commission of a crime that is more complete than a threat or gesture is referred to as what type of act?

answer

overt act

question

An example of an indicator crime is

answer

all of these choices.

question

An unlawful attack by one person on another in order to inflict severe bodily injury and which often involves use of a dangerous weapon and is a felony is called

answer

aggravated assault.

question

Batterer intervention programs (BIPs) have found that batterer rehabilitation is significantly affected by what the offender actually has to lose, for example, home ownership, employment and marriage. These variables are referred to as the offender's

answer

stake in conformity.

question

By the year 2000, how many domestic violence cases resulted in arrests?

answer

50 percent

question

Certain offenders are likely to be obsessed with keeping trophies and recordings of their assaults, and therefore any search warrant applications in such cases should include photographs, records, scripts, letters, diaries, audiotapes, videotapes and newspaper reports of the crime. These offenders are called

answer

sexual sadists.

question

Current or former spouses, opposite-sex cohabiting partners, same-sex cohabiting partners and even dating relationships may all be described using which of the following terms.

answer

intimate partners

question

Elder abuse is

answer

severely underreported.

question

Healed injuries not visible to the naked eye may be revealed through

answer

reflective ultraviolet photography.

question

Historically, officers are more likely to be assaulted while responding to what type of calls?

answer

domestic violence

question

In April 1998, what did the Supreme Court decide in regard to constitutional challenges that claimed that the Sexual Offender Registration and Notification Act's notification requirements represented an unconstitutional added punishment?

answer

They rejected the argument and retained the laws.

question

In a sexual assault case, it is best that the interviewer of the victim

answer

be a police officer with the proper training and attitude.

question

In what type of interview do you carefully question the victim about the rapist's behavior, analyze the behavior to ascertain the motivation underlying the assault and then compile a profile of the individual likely to have committed the crime?

answer

behavior-oriented interview

question

Incest is sexual intercourse with a(n)

answer

brother, sister or parent.

question

Intentionally causing another person to fear immediate bodily harm or death or intentionally inflicting or attempting to inflict bodily harm on the person is called what?

answer

simple assault

question

Of the three elements included in the crime of aggravated assault, investigators must prove

answer

only one.

question

One-third of the women killed in the United States are murdered by their husbands or boyfriends, and as many as 90 percent of women are stalked before the murder. This is a clear example of

answer

femicide.

question

Over time, the three-stage cycle of abuse (or violence) typically

answer

increases in both severity and frequency

question

Physical evidence that indicates the severity of an assault may include all but which of the following?

answer

the mental state of the offender

1 of

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers

question

A ____________ approach to case investigation involves using specialists in various fields from within a particular jurisdiction

answer

multidisciplinary

question

A criminal's modus operandi is the details of

answer

how, when and where a criminal usually operates.

question

A logical process of investigation includes

answer

obtaining physical evidence legally, effectively interviewing witnesses, legally and effectively interrogating suspects, thoroughly developing leads and recording all details.

question

According to the text, most cases that are lost are lost during what part of the investigation?

answer

in the first hour

question

answer

CSI effect

question

At a death scene, which would not be of immediate concern?

answer

identifying the body

question

Because definitions of crimes and their penalties vary considerably depending on where they occur, investigators must be familiar with

answer

local ordinances, county ordinances and state statutes.

question

Crime mapping focuses on

answer

hot spots where crime occurs.

question

Critical aspects of a successful investigation include thorough planning and preparation, efficient information management, a focus on effective communication and

answer

advanced role definition and delineation of responsibilities.

question

The initial contact with law enforcement in a criminal investigation is usually made between a citizen and a

answer

dispatcher.

question

The act of sifting through the mountains of available information to find the data that pertains to an investigator's case is referred to as

answer

data mining.

question

The Latin term that means "to track or trace" and that relates most closely with contemporary police investigations is

answer

vestigare.

question

Spontaneous statements uttered by a suspect at the time of a crime, concerning and closely related to actions involved in the crime, are referred to as what type of statements?

answer

res gestae

question

Securing the crime scene is a major responsibility of the

answer

first officer(s) on the scene.

question

Problem-oriented policing places a high value on new responses that are more

answer

preventive.

question

Medical examiners and coroners' (ME/C) offices provide death investigation services locally and are responsible for what type of investigation of deaths?

answer

all of these choices

question

In cases where officers were not able to complete the investigation for some reason, what may be required?

answer

follow-up investigation

question

answer

investigative productivity.

question

What type of response time is necessary to increase the probability of arrest at the scene?

answer

one minute or less

question

Which process helps detectives use maps to understand the hunting patterns of serial criminals, to determine where these offenders might live and to identify offenders' next likely target?

answer

crime mapping

question

Which statement is not one of the components of CompStat?

answer

increase in arrests and convictions

question

Which term describes a logical process in which a conclusion follows from specific facts?

answer

deductive reasoning

question

Whose staff can provide information and advice to investigators about legal issues, search and seizure, warrants, confessions and admissibility of evidence?

answer

prosecutor

question

An inference is

answer

a process of reasoning by which a fact may be deduced.

question

A fact is

answer

an action, an event, a circumstance or an actual thing done.

question

Presynct_DictaTrans field-based reporting system

answer

all of these choices.

question

answer

immersive imaging.

question

A sketch drawn or personally witnessed by an investigator that accurately portrays a crime scene and that is allowed into evidence is referred to as what type of sketch

answer

admissible

question

Admissible photographs must be

answer

all of these choices.

question

Approximately what percentage of an officer's time is spent writing reports?

answer

20 percent

question

Being concise means to

answer

eliminate wordiness.

question

Citizen Online Report Writing is appropriate for

answer

discovery crimes.

question

Crime scene photographs are

answer

none of these choices.

question

Due process disclosure of what type of evidence must be determined and made by the prosecutor?

answer

exculpatory information

question

In a police report, the majority of statements should be

answer

facts.

question

In which direction should the top of a sketch be oriented?

answer

north

question

Investigative reports are read by many people and used for many purposes. Which of the following is not an example of how a report would typically be used?

answer

Convey information to the victim or the victim's family.

question

Many agencies fail to do this with those tasked with videotaping a crime scene:

answer

provide adequate training.

question

Officers should not write reports in the

answer

passive voice.

question

Once a report is written, the writer should:

answer

Proofread it.

question

One benefit of a well-written report is that it can

answer

all of these choices.

question

One of the disadvantages of photographs is that

answer

they are not selective.

question

Photographs should be taken

answer

before anything is disturbed.

question

Photographs should be taken in the following order:

answer

general area, specific area, specific objects.

question

Providing proof that the image introduced into evidence is the same image taken at the crime scene is referred to as

answer

image authentication.

question

Record all information that helps to answer the questions of

answer

Who? What? Where? When? How? and Why?

question

Which of the following is true of writing completed in the active voice?

answer

The subject of the sentence performs the actions.

question

Which of the following is not a benefit of a well-written report?

answer

It is geared subjectively to enhance prosecution.

question

Which is not associated with some of the common problems with police reports?

answer

inability to type

question

When organizing notes for a police report, officers should not

answer

use a table of contents.

question

Mincey v. Arizona established that

answer

while officers are on the premises pursuing their legitimate emergency activities, any evidence in plain view may be seized.

question

Terry v. Ohio supported officers' right to

answer

conduct a patdown or a frisk if they believe the person might be armed and dangerous.

question

answer

passenger property exception.

question

A genetic fingerprint is obtained from a suspect's

answer

DNA

question

A judge may issue a search warrant if which of the following items are being sought by an officer?

answer

stolen or embezzled property

question

A lane search, or partitioning the area into lanes,

answer

can be adapted to any number of police personnel.

question

A search conducted with a warrant must be limited to

answer

only the specific area and items named in the warrant.

question

A way of folding paper so that evidence does not fall out is referred as a

answer

druggist fold.

question

A way to determine if probable cause exists today is which test?

answer

totality-of-the-circumstances test

question

AFIS stands for

answer

automated fingerprint identification system.

question

Consent to search is valid only if given

answer

voluntarily.

question

DNA profiling can be done using

answer

cells from almost any part of the body.

question

DNA testing is expensive and takes a lot of time. Because of this, laboratories require that

answer

all of these choices.

question

Emergency circumstances (such as fire or officers hearing shots fired or screams) that allow officers to enter a home without a warrant are referred to as

answer

exigent circumstances.

question

Every lawful arrest is accompanied by a search of the arrested person. This is referred to as

answer

search incident to arrest.

question

Evidence disposal can occur

answer

all of these choices.

question

Fingerprints can indicate

answer

none of these choices.

question

Hair analysis can reveal all but which of the following?

answer

age and gender

question

Hopefully, a well-organized, thorough and proper organization of a crime scene search will result in

answer

a meticulous search with no accidental destruction of evidence.

question

answer

good-faith doctrine.

question

In the examination of objects of physical evidence, class characteristics are important because they can

answer

place an item into a specific category.

question

Which term refers to the spiral pattern cut down the length of a firearm's barrel

answer

rifling

question

When evidence is no longer needed, it is

answer

any of these may be appropriate.

question

When evidence is collected, an officer should record in his or her notes the

answer

time, date and location the item was found; the individual who found it; the case number; a description of the item; and who took it into custody.

question

What type of evidence forms a substantive part of the case or has a legitimate and effective influence on the decision of the case?

answer

material

question

Field or show-up identification is on-the-scene identification of a suspect by a victim or witness of a crime. The show-up must be

answer

close in time to the incident.

question

Florida v. Riley (1989) approved the warrantless aerial surveillance, noting that

answer

there should be no reasonable expectation of privacy from the skies above.

question

A field identification is also called a

answer

show-up.

question

Force necessary to overcome resistance offered during an arrest is referred to as

answer

reasonable force.

question

If a public threat exists, questioning to reduce that threat may occur before the reading of the Miranda warning. Which case highlighted this

answer

New York v. Quarles

question

In Miranda v. Arizona, who won the ultimate appeal and why?

answer

Miranda, because his rights had not been explained to him properly

question

In Saucier v. Katz (2001), the Supreme Court held that the guide for use of excessive force is that

answer

the force is objectively reasonable under Fourth Amendment excessive force analysis.

question

In United States v. Knotts (1983), the Court ruled that installing and monitoring a bird dog tracking device in a public location

answer

does not violate a suspect's rights.

question

In United States v. Wade, the Court said that a suspect must be informed of his or her right to have a lawyer present during what type of process?

answer

lineups

question

answer

pretextual stop.

question

In addition to physical evidence, three primary sources of information are available:

answer

reports, records and databases; people who are not suspects in a crime but know something of the crime; and suspects in the crime.

question

In the DEA smuggling case United States v. Weaver (1992), what did the Court rule?

answer

that race can be considered among other factors to use in developing suspects

question

Information or data is not intelligence. Information needs which component to become intelligence?

answer

analysis

question

Live lineups generally contain

answer

five to ten individuals.

question

Making a legal arrest, gaining information for warrants or even preventing crime can all be the result of

answer

surveillance.

question

On a linear use-of-force continuum, where do "hard empty hand techniques" fall in relation to the use of a TASER or chemical agent?

answer

They fall to the right (i.e., they are less forceful).

question

Once a confession has been obtained, investigators should

answer

corroborate the confession using independent evidence.

question

People may volunteer information if approached correctly. Consequently, the following technique is useful to demonstrate when conducting an interview.

answer

developing rapport

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Psychological profiling

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can help eliminate and develop suspects.

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Some research has found that the incidence of false confessions is

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higher than many believe and exacerbated by certain interrogation tactics.

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Surveillance, undercover assignments and raids are used only when

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normal methods of continuing the investigation fail to produce results.

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The best place to interrogate a suspect is usually

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at the police department.

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The fundamental distinction between the Fifth and Sixth Amendment right to counsel hinges on the issue of

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custody

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Which of the following questions is most direct?

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Did you assault George Smith at 5th and Main last night?"

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Which of the following is a characteristic of an effective interviewer/interrogator?

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all of these choices

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A common indicator of suicide using a knife is

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hesitation wounds.

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A dead body that sinks in water usually remains immersed for

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8 to 10 days in warm water and 2 to 3 weeks in cold water.

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A stiffening of portions of the body after death is referred to as

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rigor mortis.

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A study of 800 homicide cases found that investigators are more likely to clear a homicide if

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they arrive at the scene within 30 minutes of being notified.

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Deaths are classified by type as

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natural, accidental noncriminal, suicide, homicide noncriminal and criminal.

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If death is caused by carbon monoxide poisoning, lividity is

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cherry red or strong pink.

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instrumental violence

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It can be assumed that a victim has died on land if

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half of the victim's eye looks dry when the body is brought out of the water

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Most cases of hanging are

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suicides.

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Most medical examinations of a deceased person are conducted primarily to

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determine the time and cause of death.

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Murder is classified as

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criminal homicide.

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Noncriminal homicide includes

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justifiable homicide.

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Premeditation would be a requirement in which case?

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first-degree murder

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Rigor mortis is at its maximum at about ____________ hours after death.

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12 to 24 hours

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Shotgun wounds produce __________ than single bullets.

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neither smaller exit nor smaller entry wounds

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Staging refers to

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both the positioning of the victim's body and the manipulation of the scene around the victim's body.

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The criminal or noncriminal, felonious or nonfelonious taking of life by another human or by an agency, such as a government, is called

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homicide.

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The first priority in a preliminary homicide investigation is to

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secure the safety of the scene.

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The poison known as the King of Poisons and the Poison of Kings is

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arsenic.

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The postmortem cooling process of the body is called

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algor mortis.

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The study of poisons can determine the type of poison, the amount ingested, the approximate time ingested and the effect on the body. This field is referred to as

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toxicology.

question

answer

organized offender.

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What may occur if a body is exposed to an extremely hot and dry climate?

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mummification

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What type of murder usually includes the killing of three or more separate victims with a "cooling off" period between the killings?

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serial murder

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answer

Ecstasy.

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ketamine.

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A common "date rape" drug is

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Rohypnol.

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A particularly difficult type of sexual assault is date rape, sometimes called

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acquaintance rape.

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answer

20 years

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Aggravated assault requires

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severe bodily injury to the victim.

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An act toward the commission of a crime that is more complete than a threat or gesture is referred to as what type of act?

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overt act

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An example of an indicator crime is

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all of these choices.

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An unlawful attack by one person on another in order to inflict severe bodily injury and which often involves use of a dangerous weapon and is a felony is called

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aggravated assault.

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answer

stake in conformity.

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By the year 2000, how many domestic violence cases resulted in arrests?

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50 percent

question

answer

sexual sadists.

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Current or former spouses, opposite-sex cohabiting partners, same-sex cohabiting partners and even dating relationships may all be described using which of the following terms.

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intimate partners

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Elder abuse is

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severely underreported.

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Healed injuries not visible to the naked eye may be revealed through

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reflective ultraviolet photography.

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Historically, officers are more likely to be assaulted while responding to what type of calls?

answer

domestic violence

question

answer

They rejected the argument and retained the laws.

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In a sexual assault case, it is best that the interviewer of the victim

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be a police officer with the proper training and attitude.

question

answer

behavior-oriented interview

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Incest is sexual intercourse with a(n)

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brother, sister or parent.

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Intentionally causing another person to fear immediate bodily harm or death or intentionally inflicting or attempting to inflict bodily harm on the person is called what?

answer

simple assault

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Of the three elements included in the crime of aggravated assault, investigators must prove

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only one.

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One-third of the women killed in the United States are murdered by their husbands or boyfriends, and as many as 90 percent of women are stalked before the murder. This is a clear example of

answer

femicide.

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Over time, the three-stage cycle of abuse (or violence) typically

answer

increases in both severity and frequency

question

Physical evidence that indicates the severity of an assault may include all but which of the following?

answer

the mental state of the offender

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