SOC-210: Chapter 16 Questions – Flashcards

Ethicalism is ____________; examples of it are ____________. Select one: a. the belief in a difference between the sacred and the profane; holy books and holy water b. the belief that spirits are present in the natural world; totemism and shamanism c. the adherence to ethical principles in order to live a moral life; Taoism and Buddhism d. the worship of a god or gods; Hinduism and Islam

Which of the following was NOT a social resource of black church communities that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was able to draw upon? Select one: a. social networks b. organized church structures c. funding d. armies

All religions began as: Select one: a. denominations. b. cults. c. animism. d. civil religions.

Which of the following is NOT a way that sociologists study religion? Select one: a. exploring the ways people use religion to make sense of scientific discoveries b. understanding the purposes religion serves for individuals and societies c. examining why people are attracted to certain religions d. determining which religions possess and profess absolute truths

The sacred realm is: Select one: a. special, reserved, set apart from everyday use, unknowable, and mystical. b. make-believe. c. special and reserved, but incorporated into everyday life. d. mundane.

Secularization is: Select one: a. the process by which a religious group becomes seen as a fringe group that deviates from the main teachings and doctrines of a church. b. the transformation of a society away from religion and toward a separation of religious and social institutions such as politics, the economy, and the family. c. the confinement of religious interests to narrow and specific tenets, rather than an acceptance of all parts of religious doctrine. d. none of the above.

Christianity would be called a ____________ religion. Select one: a. animistic b. ethicalist c. pluralistic d. theistic

As is the case within Christianity, denominational divisions exist within Islam. The main division is between which two groups? Select one: a. Sunnis and Shiites b. Islamists and Islamic fundamentalists c. Muslims and Islamists d. secularists and fundamentalists

During the 1960s some social scientists touted the secularization theory. This theory predicted: Select one: a. an increase in the number of people calling themselves religious. b. that the influence of religion would be diminished in the coming years. c. the United States moving toward one mono-religion. d. a decrease in people attending services, but an increase in the number of people believing in God.

According to Durkheim, religion is created by ____________, and religious expressions represent ____________. Select one: a. hardship; delusions b. a higher being; the will of God c. sacred power; individual desires d. social interaction; collective realities

Weber likened the history of society to a train, and ideas to the switchmen of the tracks. What does this mean? Select one: a. Ideas can be powerful forces to create change and alter the course of history when they are believed by enough people at the right time. b. Ideas control the actions of people and can stop the progress of society. c. Ideas control the materialistic human urge to hoard wealth, much like a train will speed out of control if not slowed down. d. Ideas control the basic human urge toward individualism by keeping people in the same society moving down the same track together.

As people age they: Select one: a. become more secular. b. become less religious. c. become more religious. d. become more cranky

What is pluralism? Select one: a. the presence and coexistence of many different groups within one society b. tolerance for other beliefs and making sense of the world, but recognizing that there is only one right way to live c. the reduction of all social processes and structures to a single theoretical explanation d. the tensions that arise when there are multiple religious groups within an increasingly secular society

In which two early social movements were religious groups involved? Select one: a. voting rights and civil rights b. abolition and temperance c. abortion and abolition d. women's rights and the right to life

One of the most "upper-class" religions is: Select one: a. fundamentalism. b. Episcopalianism. c. Buddhism. d. Judaism

According to Weber, which religion was a necessary condition for the development of capitalism? Select one: a. Catholicism b. Protestantism c. Hinduism d. Judaism

Which of the following is an example of how social solidarity and collective conscience function? Select one: a. Jake attends school in a racially and ethnically diverse city. It is difficult to find many social norms that all of the students share, but most say they believe in God. b. Zara is a Jewish girl who attends a Catholic school, not for religious reasons but for the quality of the education. Despite this difference, she feels accepted by most of her peers. c. Max attends a church youth group regularly. Because he is active in group-sponsored activities and has been socialized to the norms of this group, he is less likely to spend time with peers who may engage in deviant activities. d. Moira's religion teaches that it is wrong to have premarital sex, so when she becomes sexually active, she hides it from her friends and family.

In what way are the conclusions of Weber and Marx similar? Select one: a. To Weber, religion was central to the development of capitalism; to Marx, capitalism would crumble if people stopped believing in God. b. To Weber, religion was a fundamental and permanent part of human societies; to Marx, religion was necessary to maintain stratification. c. To Weber, people in the modern world are trapped in the iron cage; to Marx, people in the modern world are alienated. d. To Weber, the modern world is full of faithful people who are high on religion; to Marx, religion is like a drug.

The linking of social movements with religion demonstrates: Select one: a. the popularity of religion. b. the recognition of morality only within a religious framework. c. the powerful capacity of religion to shape the social world. d. the lack of efficiency of political action to create social change.

Durkheim felt that one of the major functions of religion was that it perpetuates: Select one: a. sexism. b. racism. c. solidarity. d. inequality.