Lecture 20 – Neurotransmitters and Neurochemistry – Flashcards
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ACETYLCHOLINE Postsynaptic effect Precursor(s) Rate limiting step in synthesis Removal mechanism
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Excitatory Choline + acetyl CoA CAT Acetylcholinesterase breakdown in the synaptic cleft
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GLUTAMATE Postsynaptic effect Precursor(s) Rate limiting step in synthesis Removal mechanism
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Excitatory Gluamine Glutaminase Transporter
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GABA Postsynaptic effect Precursor(s) Rate limiting step in synthesis Removal mechanism
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Inhibitory Glutamate GAD Transporter
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GLYCINE Postsynaptic effect Precursor(s) Rate limiting step in synthesis Removal mechanism
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Inhibitory Serine Phosphoserine Transporter
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CATECHOLAMINES Postsynaptic effect Precursor(s) Rate limiting step in synthesis Removal mechanism
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Excitatory Tyrosine Tyrosine hydroxylase Transporter
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What three molecules are catecholamines?
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Dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine
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SEROTONIN Postsynaptic effect Precursor(s) Rate limiting step in synthesis Removal mechanism
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Excitatory Tryptophan Tryptophan hydroxylase Transporter
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HISTAMINE Postsynaptic effect Precursor(s) Rate limiting step in synthesis Removal mechanism
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Excitatory Histidine Histidine decarboxylase Transporter
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ATP Postsynaptic effect Precursor(s) Rate limiting step in synthesis Removal mechanism
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Excitatory ADP Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation Hydrolysis to AMP and adenosine
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NEUROPEPTIDES Postsynaptic effect Precursor(s) Rate limiting step in synthesis Removal mechanism
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Both excitatory and inhibitory Amino acids (protein synthesis) Synthesis and transport Proteases
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ENDOCANNABINOIDS Postsynaptic effect Precursor(s) Rate limiting step in synthesis Removal mechanism
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Inhibits inhibition Membrane lipids Enzymatic lipid modification Hydrolysis
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NITRIC OXIDE Postsynaptic effect Precursor(s) Rate limiting step in synthesis Removal mechanism
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Excitatory and inhibitory Arginine Nitric oxide synthase Spontaneous oxidation
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What is the pathway of catecholamine synthesis?
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Tyrosine > Dopa > Dopamine > Norepinephrine > Epinephrine
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Where is epinephrine made?
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The adrenal medulla
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What are the two different ways in which GABA causes inhibition?
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Hyperpolarization of the cell either by inflow of chloride or outflow of potassium
