Chapter 5 inorganic Chemistry – Flashcards
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reduction
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electron gain
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oxidation
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electron loss
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oxidation and reduction joint process
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redox reaction
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oxidizin agent
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species that removes electrons
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reducing agent
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species tjat re,pves the electrons
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redox couple
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the oxidizing and reduction half reaction combined together where the oxidizing species is written before the reduced. oxidation is sometimes easier to see it when written as an reduction
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delta g relationship to k
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if delta g is negative the k>1 which means products dominate at equilibrium
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gibbs energy is
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the difference of the standard energies of the two half reactions and onlt the difference has any signifigance because these reactions always occur in pairs but the reduction part can be arbitrarily set to zero
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cathodes
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gain electrons(reduction)
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anodes
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lose electrons(oxidation)
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standard cell potential
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denoted as e cell and is the difference between standard cell potential which is the e cell of the couples
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when e cell>0
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it will reduce or gain electrons
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fuel cell
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converts chemical directly into electrical power
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if e cell is negative
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it is good reducing agent
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if ecell large and positive
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is is good oxidizing agent
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nerst equation
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cell potential at an arbitrary composition of the reaction mixture
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e cell relation to delta g
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if a reaction is spontaneous then e cell is >0 and delta g is less then 0
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as e cell petoentials decreases
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the ph increases and becomes more basic
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large metals react with aqeuos acids in what way
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the metal is oxidized by metal or hydrogen ions because 1 of 2 reasons. 1)metal is an s block metal a 2d series metal from group 3 to at least froup 8 or 9 and beyond or 2) a lathanoid
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anodizing
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metal in which the metal is made of an anode un an electrolyticcell
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passivated
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protected by an impervious layer of oxide
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stability field
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the ph range where water is thermodynamically stable towardsboth oxdation and reduction
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ksp
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solubiliy product,
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latimer diagram
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oxidation number decreases from left to right and the numerical value of e in colts are written above the species invovled in the couple
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how do you list the standard potential for two nonadjacentt couples not explicityl written
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formula on page 172
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if a species in a latimer diagram is pore positive on the right than the left
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it is inherently unstable which means it has a tendency to disporportionate
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slope of a line in a frost diagram
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reduction potential of that redox couple
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pourbaix diagram
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indicates conditions of ph potential under which a speices is thermodynamically stable
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ellingham diagram
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summarizes temp dependencce of standard gibs energies of fortmation of metal ocisedes and is use to identify temp at which a reduction by c or co2become spontaneous
