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an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that is generally enduring and consistent across a variety of different situations

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personality

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everything biological..inherited instincts. Pleasure seeking part of personalty; to satisfy and maximize our own pleasure. Sometimes violates idea of superego

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ID

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conscious part of mind that deals with external reality. caught in the middle of id and superego

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EGO

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contains ideals (what you think you should be) contains conscience- not concerned with external reality..always wants you to be perfect

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SUPEREGO

question

staying focused on an earlier developmental stage where there are unresolved conflicts; remaining in some way at the current developmental stage rather than moving on to the next one when it would normally be time to do so

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fixation

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retreating to an earlier developmental stage where some energy has remained fixated; in effect, returning to an earlier, less stressful or anxiety arousing stage of development or type of behavior

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regression

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unconsciously driving anxiety-arousing thoughts or feelings or memories or impulses form your conscious awareness; thought by Freud to be the most basic ego defense mechanism..keeps uncomfortable material from reaching you conscious awareness

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repression

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disavowal of some reality factor, most often external reality factor

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denial

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seeing your thoughts, feelings, traits or impulses, often uncomfortable or undesirable ones, in someone else (and not usually yourself)

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projection

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shifting threatening impulses to a softer, substitute object

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displacement

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a special form of displacement in which a more positive, socially acceptable outlet for an impulse is used; thought by Freud to be the most mature of the ego defense mechanisms

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sublimation

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specifically, imitating parents early in childhood; more generally, imitating or living through someone else, usually someone who seems more powerful, capable of success, etc.

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identification

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trying to undo or reverse regrettable acts and events through symbolic acts that cannot actually change them

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undoing

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creating logical-sounding excuses or cover stories for behavior that is actually irrational; inventing self-justifications that mask your true motives

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rationalization

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switching unacceptable thoughts, feelings or impulses into their opposites; often, presenting the exact opposite of your true self, even fooling yourself in the process

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reaction formation

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Diagnostic and Statistic Manual, Fifth Edition published by the American Psychiatric Association

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DSM V

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people who are clinically diagnosed- they are very attention seeking, wrapped up in themselves, shallow, dramatic. They have a crisis need, tend to be rather flirtatious and shallow in their seduction

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histrionic personality disorder

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irrationally keeping objects with no value

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hoarding disorder

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a disorder appearing by early grade school, involving extreme inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity

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attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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characterized by unreasonable anxiety, dealing with it in strange irrational ways. Not likely to be very happy people. Distort reality. Do not require treatment. Take breaks from reality

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neurotic disorder

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psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety and/or by maladaptive behaviors intended to reduce anxiety; includes generalized anxiety disorder; panic disorder; phobias (phobic disorder); obsessive-compulsive disorder; and post-traumatic stress disorder

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anxiety disorders

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an anxiety disorder in which the person is chronically, continually tense, anxious, and apprehensive, with a state of autonomic nervous system and arousal

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generalized anxiety disorder

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an anxiety disorder marked by short but unpredictable episodes of intense terror along with frightening bodily sensations

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panic disorder

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intense and irrational fear of something very specific

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phobia (phobic disorder)

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can't stop thinking about something, causing you to be anxious

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obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

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thought of as shell shock at first. created by situations of high intensity, emotion or fear. ex: combat, deaths, car wrecks, natural disasters

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post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

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psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes (depressed, bipolar)

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mood disorders

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a mood disorder where for two weeks or more, without medical reason, the person has feelings of depression, sadness, helplessness, and hopelessness accompanied by diminished interest and pleasure in life activities including family and friends

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mood depressive disorder

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clinically depressed people have low levels of serotonin, causing bipolar disorder. runs in family, likely to relapse

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bipolar disorder

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disturbances in peoples thoughts, disturbances in perception, disturbances in emotion (exaggerated emotions or no emotions)

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schizophrenia

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sense that something is there that is only internal. Most are not visual, but audible

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hallucinations

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false beliefs that persist regardless of not having any evidence, not seeing reality

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delusions

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extreme negativism, prolonged periods of immobility, mimicking

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catatonic schizophrenic

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referring to disorganized though processes. flat affect. inappropriate affect- giggling and silliness as symptoms

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disorganized schizophrenic

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much less withdrawn, usually intelligent, may seem fine when you converse with them until you stumble onto the are where they have dillusions

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paranoid schizophrenic

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schizophrenics have an excess of dopamine

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dopamine

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maladaptive, inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning, not reactions to specific stress or situations, but rather longstanding, deeply ingrained patterns that become part of the personality itself, manifesting themselves across many different times and situations

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personality disorders

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Heider's theory about the ways in which we tent to attribute (make assumptions about) the causes of people's behavior in order to explain it

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attribution theory

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the tendency for observers who are analyzing other people's behavior to overestimate the effect of internal dispositional factors (character, personality, motives, etc.) and underestimate the effect of situational factors (the situation or environment, roles people are playing, etc.)

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fundamental attribution error

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beliefs and feelings that predispose our reactions to things, such as people, objects and products, events, ideas, etc.

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attitudes

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a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, guiding the behavior of someone in that position

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role

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acquiring a passive, hopeless, "giving up" response in the face of repeated pain or frustration, eventually not even taking advantage of opportunities to escape

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learned helplessness

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in your head

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cognitive

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uncomfortable, conflicting

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dissonance

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90% of all professionals operate not in accordance with the needs of people

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Carskadon's law

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definition of being a professional is not follow carskadon's law

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Carskadon's corrolary

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adjusting our behavior or thinking to match a group standard

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conformity

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loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that create feelings of arousal and anonymity

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deindividuation

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presence of others makes your most likely response even more likely. if you're good at something you'll do better, if you're bad you'll do worse

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social facitlitaiton

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when a group's prevailing attitudes are intensified by discussion and interaction within the group, especially if group members avoid interactions with people outside the group

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group polarization

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harmonious but unrealistic and ill-advised thinking among members of a group, a phenomenon brought about by a combination of overconfidence and conformity

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groupthink

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unjustifiable, usually negative, attitudes towards a group and its members, involving stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and predispositions to discriminatory actions toward them

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prejudice

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unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members

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discrimiation

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generalized, usually overgeneralized, beliefs about a group of people

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sterotypes

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estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory, particularly vivid examples of events

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availability heuristic

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any physical, verbal, or social behavior intended to hurt or destroy

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aggression

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he idea that releasing aggressive energy, either through fantasy or through actual behavior, relieves and reduces aggressive urges; that we will "blow off steam" by venting our emotions

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catharsis hypothesis

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physical or geograhic nearness

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proximity

question

repeated exposure to new stimuli increases our liking for them

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more exposure effect

General Psychology Unit 3 – Flashcards

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