latin test – Flashcards
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urbs
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urbis, f., city
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regina
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reginae, f., queen
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laetus
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laeta, laetum, happy
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defessus,
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defessa, defessum, tired
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magnus,
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magna, magnum, big/great
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altus
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atla, altum, high/ deep
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multus
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multa, multum, much/ many
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carus
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cara, carum, dear
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superbus
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superba, superbum, arrogant
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saevus
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saeva, saevum, savage
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amo
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amare, amavi, amatus, to like/ to love
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timeo,
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timere, timui, to fear
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semper
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always
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saepa
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often
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ecce
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look!
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What is a prep.
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A word that shows the relationship between a noun and the rest of the sentence
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Where do you look to figure out the cases of a Latin noun?
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At the ending
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Where does an accusative Word go in your translation of a Latin sentence?
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After the preposition or after the verb
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If there is a preposition and a verb, which one has first dib on the accusative noun?
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The preposition
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If a Latin preposition is +accusative, what does that mean?
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The first accusative noun after the preposition in Latin should be the first noun after the preposition in English
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What does word order mean?
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The order of the words in a sentence
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In English, where is an adjective placed in relation to a noun that it describes?
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Adjective goes before the noun
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What is a diphthong?
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Two vowels combined to make one sound
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What is the bar over some Latin vowels called?
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Macron
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What does a macron mean over a Latin vowel
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Long vowel
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If a noun has an ending that's not on the list, what is the case and number
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Nominative Singular
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When you see an adjective in a Latin sentence, what do you have to ask yourself?
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What noun does the adjective described?
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To find a noun that in adjective describes, you look for a noun with
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The same gender, number and case
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What are the English forms of the verb to be?
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Be, am, is, are, was, were, being, been
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Where does a nominative word go in your translation of a lot in sentence?
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Before the verb, with one exception
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What is the exception to the rule about the nominative?
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When the verb is to be, then sometimes the nominative should be put after the verb in English translation
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if there is no nominative noun with a verb, thenhow do you know what to put before the verb in your translation?
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Look at the ending of the verb
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If there is a nominative noon with a verb, should you include he, she, it or they in your translation?
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No
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What does in imperative verb do?
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It gives a command
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How should imperative be translated
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Just the verb
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Imperative verbs
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Ā, ē, e, ī, te
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Sum
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I am
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Es
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You are
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Sumus
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We are
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Est
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He, she, it is
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Estis
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You are
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Sunt
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They are
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When a Latin sentence is made up of one nominative and the verb to be, what is usually the best option to translate it?
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Put the nominative after the verb in your translation "rex est" "he is the king"
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Rēx est
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He is the king
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when a Latin sentence is made of two nominatives in the verb to be, what are usually the best options to translate it?
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1. Put One nominative word before the verb and the other nominative word after the verb in your translation 2. Put both nominative words after the verb in your translation
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When "est" or "sunt" comes at the beginning of the sentence, how should you usually translate it?
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There is or there are
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Rēx laetus est
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1. The King is happy. 2. He is a happy king.
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Est deus
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There is a God
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What happens when the letters "ne" are attached to the first word of a Latin sentence.
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The sentence is turned into a yes or no question.
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What is a yes or no question?
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A question that can be answered with yes or no.
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How are English yes or no questions phrased
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Begin with do, does, or some form of to be; then the nominative; then the verb, then the rest of the sentence.
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Urbs mūros habet.
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The city has walls
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Habetne urbs mūros?
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Does the city have walls?
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Dēfessus est
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He is tired
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Dēfessusne est
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Is he tired?
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What cases can a Latin noun or adjective have?
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Nominative, accusative, ablative, genitive, dative
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if a Latin preposition is + ablative, what does that mean?
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The first ablative noun after the preposition in Latin should be the first noun after the preposition in English
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When you translate a Latin noun into English, what words can you add along with the noun?
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Articles and possessive adjectives
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What words in English are possessive adjective?
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My, our, your, his, her, its , their
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What is a declension?
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A set of endings for a noun or adjective
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How are nouns classified by declension?
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1 declension or 2 declension or 3 declension
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When you want to figure out a nouns declension, where do you look?
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At the second piece of Vocab entry
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If the second piece of a nouns vocab entry ends in ae, what declension is it?
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1. Declension
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If the second piece of a nouns vocab entry ends in "ī", what declension is it?
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2 declension
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If the second piece of a nouns vocab entry ends in "is", what declension is it?
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3 declension
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How are adjectives classified by declension?
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Either the 1st and 2nd declensions or the 3rd declension
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If the vocab entry of an adjective looks like, "Magnus, magna, magnum" or "noster, nostra, nostrum", what is it's declension
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1 and 2. Declensions
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If the vocal Entry of an adjective looks anything other than, "Magnus, magna, magnum" or "noster, nostra, nostrum", what declension is it
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3 declension
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What are two ways that in ablative noun can be used in Latin?
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1. Without a preposition before it 2. With a preposition before it
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In your English translation, how should every ablative noun be translated?
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With a preposition for it
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When a Latin ablative noun does not have a preposition before it, what must you do in your translation?
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Add a preposition
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When a lot in ablative noun does not have a preposition before it, what prepositions may you add in your translation?
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With, by, in, from, on
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What does the word tense mean?
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When the verb happens
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What tenses can A Latin word have?
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Present, imperfect
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How many ways are there to translate the present tense, and what are they?
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Two ways. "I see" or "I am seeing"
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When you see the letters, "ba", attached to the base of the verb, what do they do?
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Imperfect tense
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How should the imperfect tense be translated?
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Was/were + _______ing
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Eram
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I was
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Erās
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You were
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Erat
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He/she/it was
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Erāmus
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We were
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Erātis
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You were
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Erant
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They were
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When "est", "sunt", "erat", or "erant" columns at the beginning of the sentence, how should you usually translate it?
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There.....
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Est deus
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There is a God
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What cases can a latin noun or adjective have?
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Nominative, genitive, accusative, ablitive, dative
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What is the first piece of a noun's vocab entey?
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Nomitive singular
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What is the second piece of a noun's vocab entry?
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The genitive singular
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In an adjective vocab entry, what case and number do the 3 words have
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Nominative Cingular
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In and adjectives vocab entry, what's the difference about the three words
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Gender: masculine, feminine, neuter
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For a neuter word, which two cases are identical
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Nominative and accusative
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irati : iratus, irata, iratum, angry
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Declension: 1 and 2 m: gen sing/ nom pl n: gen sing
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bonum : bonus, bona, bonum, good
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Declension: 1 and 2 m: acc sing n: nom, acc sing
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Mala: malus, mala, malum, bad
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Declension: 1and 2 f: nom sing n: nom, acc pl
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omnia: omnis, omnis, omne, all
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Declension: 3 n: nom, acc pl
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Fortes: fortis, fortis, forte, brave
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Declension: 3 m/f: nom, acc pl
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Ingens: ingens, ingens, ingenis
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Declension: 3 All genders: nom sing n: acc sing
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How should a dative word be translated
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To..., for...
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In a verbs vocab entry, what is each Latin word called?
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A principal part
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When we talk about the principal parts of a verb, what are we talking about?
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The words in a verbs vocab entry
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What is a conjunction
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A set of endings for a verb
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How are the verbs classified by conjunction
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1,2,3,4 or irregular
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How do you figure out a verbs conjuction
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Look at the second prinicpal part
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āre
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1st
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ēre
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2nd
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ere
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3rd
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īre
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4th
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Anything besides āre, ēre, ere, īre
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Irregular
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What is the base of the verb
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Everything in the verbs 1st principle part except the ō, eō, or, iō
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What are the forms dīc, dūc, fac, fer?
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Imperative of dīco, dūco, faciō, ferō
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DĪC, DŪC, FAC, FER:
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Drop the e that should be there!
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What are the personal endings?
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The last letters if a verb
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Ba, bā
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Imperfect/ imperfect/ impefect
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Be, bi, bo, bō, bu
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Future/ future/ --
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A, ā
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Present/ -- / future
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E, ē
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-- / present/ future
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i, ī
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-- / -- / present
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O, ō
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Present/ present/ present
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u
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-- / -- / present
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What tenses can a latin word have?
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Present, impefect, future
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How do u know what tense a verb is
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Look at the letters between the base and the personal ending
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How should the future tense be translated
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Will (verb)
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Veniō
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I come
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Veniēbam
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I was coming
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Veniam
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I will come
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In a verbs Vocabulary entry, what is each Latin word called?
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Principal part
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When we talk about the principal parts of a verb, what are we talking about
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The words in the verbs vocab entry
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How are verbs classified by conjugation
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1,2,3,4, or irregular
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How do you figure out a verbs conjugation?
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Look at the second principal Part
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What is the base of the verb?
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Everything in the verbs first principle part except the -ō, -eō, -iō
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What are the personal endings
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The last letter of a verb
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What tenses can a Latin verb have?
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Present, and perfect, future, and imperfect
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How many ways are there to translate the perfect tense, and what are they?
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Two ways: i see or I am seeing
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How should the imperfect tense be translated
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Was/were +_____ing
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How should the future tense be translated
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Will then the verb
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What is a verb second principal part?
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Present infinitive
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How should a present infinitive be translated
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"To" verb
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How many ways are there to translate the perfect tense
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Two
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What are the two ways to translate the perfect tense
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1) past tense 2) has/have (verb)
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What is an irregular verb
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A verb that does not fit into one of the four conjugations
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If the verbs"possum", "volo" or "nolo" appear in a Latin sentence, what other type of word can you expect to see their
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An infinitive
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What is made by combining "noli" or "nolite" with an infinitive
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Negative imperative
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How is a negative imperative made in English
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"Dont" verb
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How is the pluperfect tense translated?
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Had (verb)
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How is the future perfect tense translated?
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Will have (verb)
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What is a pronoun
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A word that takes the place of a noun
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When a pronouns vocab entry has five Latin words, what cases are they
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Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative
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What is the vocab entry for I/me
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Ego, mei, mihi, me, me
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What is the nouns vocab entry for we/us
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Nos, nostri, nobis, vos, vobis
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What is the vocab entry for he/she/it
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Is, ea, id
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When you see any form of the Latin pronoun "is, ea, id" what English pronouns should come to mind
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He, she, it, his, her, it's, him, they, there, them
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When you were translating any form of the Latin pronoun "Is, ea, id" how do you know which English pronoun to use
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Case, number, context
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What are the possible translations for a singular form of is, ea, id
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It or its: If the form has AN a, also she or her If the form has an o or u, also him If the form is is, also he If the form is eius or ei, him, her, or it with appropriate preposition
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What are the possible translations for a plural form of is, ea, id
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They, there, them, according to case, with appropriate preposition
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If the pronouns,"I"/"me","we"/"us" or "you" appear twice in a sentence in different cases, how can you adjust your translation of the pronoun the second time
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Add -self or -selves
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In grammar, what does "voice" mean
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The relationship between the nominative and the verb
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What does the "acted voice" mean
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The nominative does the action of the verb
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What does the "passive voice" mean
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The nominative receives the action of the verb
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What is a participle?
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And adjective formed from a verb
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How is a passive verb formed in English?
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Verb "to be" plus the perfect passive participle
