question

When and where did the first cities arise?

answer

1000's of years ago in regions where agriculture gained and early foothold

question

In the beginning of the Colonial Period, large, prosperous cities existed everywhere except where?

answer

Australia

question

How did urbanism spread?

answer

Slowly

question

What two places grew remarkably during the Classical Period?

answer

Athens and Rome

question

What time period interrupted the blossoming life in Europe?

answer

Middle Ages or Dark Ages

question

What dominated most of Europe during the Middle Ages and discouraged urbanism and confined most people to live as uneducated peasant-farmers?

answer

The Feudal System

question

What time did the Renaissance Period happen?

answer

1350 to 1650

question

What was the time period where European culture was reborn?

answer

Renaissance Period

question

Urban growth accelerated dramatically after what?

answer

The Hundred Years War

question

When did the Hundred Years War end?

answer

1453

question

What European cities existed during the Hundred Years War?

answer

Dublin, Madrid, Prague, Vienna, Amsterdam, Barcelona

question

When did the Colonial Period last?

answer

from Renaissance through 19th century

question

During the Colonial Period, European colonial powers sent explorers in search of what two things?

answer

God and gold

question

Where were some of the world's greatest cities located at the beginning of the Colonial Period?

answer

Americas

question

Who stumbled into the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (largest and richest city on Earth at the time)?

answer

Cortez

question

What current-day city sprawls outward from the ancient site of Tenochtitlan?

answer

Mexico City

question

When id urbanism really explode on a global scale?

answer

18th century

question

When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

answer

18th century, England (spread to W. Europe and N. America)

question

What city became a central hub for railroads carrying wheat, beef, timber, and other commodities?

answer

Chicago

question

Chicago grew from a small village in ____ (year) to a city of _________ (number) in ____ (year)?

answer

1840, 1 million, 1900

question

By 1930 Chicago had how many inhabitants and became one of the world's fastest-growing industrial centers?

answer

over 3 million

question

What year were the Chicago race riots?

answer

1919

question

What two cities grew tremendously in the 19th century?

answer

New York and San Francisco

question

What city has frequently been called "the gateway to the West"?

answer

San Francisco (like St. Louis)

question

San Francisco experienced a population explosion after gold was discovered where? when?

answer

California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, 1849

question

Millions of European immigrants entered the United States through ellis Island between when?

answer

1892 to 1954

question

T/F: The urban geography of today's cities is incredibly diverse?

answer

True

question

On a regional or even continental scale, cities are what?

answer

Products of similar cultures and related histories, and this provides a basis for insightful comparisons

question

Many of Europe's great cities matured when?

answer

Medieval Period

question

What are two excellent examples of intact medieval cities?

answer

Montepulciano, Assisi

question

What do Islamic cities owe their distinctive urban geographies to the teachings of?

answer

Muslim faith

question

Light-colored house surfaces and roofs designed to capture and recycle rainwater efficiently are two changes to what type of cities?

answer

Islamic Cities

question

In what country do cities frequently contain cultural monuments related to Buddhism and communism?

answer

China

question

What type of cities owe most of their urban form to colonialism, 20th century industrial expansion, and rapid unplanned population growth?

answer

African cities

question

T/F: Latin American Cities are less developed than their African counterparts?

answer

False

question

What is an excellent example of the Latin American metropolis?

answer

Mexico City

question

When did European city planners struggle to respond to the lessons of the French and American Revolutions within the context of their new industrial societies?

answer

19th century

question

What is the classic example of City Beautiful Design?

answer

Chicago

question

When did modern architecture reign supreme?

answer

mid-20th century

question

What is the world's greatest expression of modernist planning and architecture?

answer

Brasilia, Brazil

question

Who designed Brasilia?

answer

Oscar Niemeyer

question

Where is postmodern architecture quickly becoming familiar?

answer

America, Europe, Australia

question

T/F: No true cities on the globe look the same or feel the same or smell the same?

answer

True

question

What is one of the fundamental aims of urban geography?

answer

To understand how cities are organized

question

What are the three main models of urban environments?

answer

Concentric Zone Model, Multiple Nuclei Model, Sector Model

question

In what model does each ring contain different types of development and economic activities?

answer

Concentric Zone Model

question

What is an excellent example of the Concentric Zone Model?

answer

Chicago

question

What model applies to a city that lacks a strong central core, but instead has numerous "nodes" or business and cultural activity?

answer

Multiple Nuclei Model

question

What is an excellent example of the Multiple Nuclei Model?

answer

Los Angeles

question

What is an example of the Sector Model?

answer

Mexico City

question

T/F: Every city matches any model perfectly and that each city's urban organization is tied to both its unique history and physical geography?

answer

False

question

What do inner cities frequently surround?

answer

Central Business District

question

During much of the 20th century, the trend in the U.S. and Europe was toward what of inner cities?

answer

Ghettoization

question

In the U.S., inner city decay was particularly extreme where?

answer

Northern Cities

question

What is the most important factor affecting the development of contemporary cities?

answer

Transportation

question

When was Manhattan Island, the heart of NYC, largely developed?

answer

19th century

question

What is Chicago's CBD known as?

answer

'The loop"

question

What was Los Angeles planned around?

answer

Automobile

question

In some places, urban sprawl has taken the form of what?

answer

Edge cities

question

What is the classic example of the edge city?

answer

Tyson's Corner, Virginia

question

What is one example of a city that has used smart growth policies, efficient transportation networks, and a consolidated regional government to create a livable and sustainable urban environment?

answer

Toronto, Canada

question

T/F: Cities have profound influences on the communities surrounding them?

answer

True

question

What does the U.S. Census Bureau define cities in large part by?

answer

Their metropolitan areas

question

T/F: The city is solely contained within its spatially defined city limits?

answer

False

question

According to what, do large cities serve as the economic hubs of their regions because they provide a great variety of goods and services that are not available in smaller communities?

answer

Central Place Theory

question

********Central Place Theory********

answer

A region is defined as an area with one central place, or large city, surrounded by increasingly smaller towns and hamlets, each of which contain fewer goods and services than the central place. Thus, people in small towns must occasionally travel to the central place to take advantage of big-city amenities.

question

T/F: Geographers have noticed that, in any given region, there should be many small hamlets, some towns, and a few small cities; but only one central city?

answer

True

question

*********Rank-Size Rule************

answer

The population of any given town should be inversely proportional to its rank in the country's or world's hierarchy of cities. (Population=k/rank)

question

T/F: All cities follow the rank-size rule?

answer

False-many have 1 primate city that overwhelmingly dominates the urban concentration within a country.

question

What city contains over 1/3 of the country's urban population and over 1/4 of the entire country's population?

answer

Seoul, South Korea

question

What city contains over 1/3 of the country's urban population and over 1/4 of the entire country's population?

answer

Seoul, South Korea

question

***********NOTE*************

answer

Primate cities in the developing world are largely a relic of their colonial history when European colonizers concentrated all economic, transportation, and trade activity in one place, leaving the infrastructure in place after decolonization.

question

What are the megaloplises in North America?

answer

Boston-New York-Philadelphia-Baltimore-Washington D.C. and the other one is Los Angeles-Orange County-San Diego-Tijuana

question

What are two megalopolises in the world outside the U.S.?

answer

Sao Paulo-Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil and Tokyo-Osaka in Japan

question

What is the counterpoint to the chaotic megacity?

answer

World City

question

T/F: World cities are commonly categorized into several tiers indicating the extent of their influence?

answer

True- NOTE: in economic terms, the world's most populous cities are not its most powerful.

question

Who considers individuals' perceptions and feelings within urban environments, both specifically and generally, to ensure that the cities they were for provide a comfortable and enjoyable living environment for their citizens?

answer

Urban Planners

question

What two types of people work together to understand and predict human behavior in urban environments?

answer

Urban planners and Behavioral geographers

question

What is urban spatial behavior determined by?

answer

Individual perceptions of the specific urban environments they interact with

question

What is Kevin Lynch's famous book, published in 1960, that studied individual's perceptions of urban environments to determine the legibility of urban spaces?

answer

Image of the City

question

How well an individual could read a landscape depends on what two things?

answer

City's physical structure and individual's orientation

question

Lynch classified the geographical contents of cities into how many main elements? What are they?

answer

5-paths, edges, districts, nodes, landmarks

question

*******STUDY THE 5 MAIN ELEMENTS OF GEOGRAPHICAL CONTENTS*********

answer

************

question

How many rules apply to people's daily spatial behavior?

answer

6

question

*******STUDY THE 6 RULES APPLYING TO PEOPLE'S DAILY SPATIAL BEHAVIOR*********

answer

question

What type of places house the majority of the world's population?

answer

Cities

question

Who investigates all the many forces at work within a city contributing to its unique character, unique set of opportunities, and unique problems and social ills?

answer

Urban geographers

Barron’s Chapter 8 Test – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards