AP Human Geography final – Flashcards
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| Hearth |
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| Place where an idea originates from |
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| Scale |
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| The relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size it is on the earth's surface |
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| Small scale |
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| Depicts a large area with not a lot of detail |
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| Large Scale |
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| depicts a small area with a lot of detail |
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| Cartography |
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| the science of map making |
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| Projection |
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| The system used to place an location on the earth's surface onto a flat map |
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| site |
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| The physical characteristics of a place |
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| Situation |
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| Where a place is relative to other places (relative location) |
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| Environmental determinism |
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| How the physical environment caused human activity |
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| Possibilisim |
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| The theory that the physical environment can put a limit on human activity but humans can find a way around them "humans conquers land instead of land conquering humans" |
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| Distribution |
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| The arrangement of something across the earth |
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| Density |
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| Shows the frequency of something occurring across the earths surface (like humans) |
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| Arithmetic density |
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| Number of humans divided by total land area |
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| Physiological density |
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| Number of people divided by amount of arable land |
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| Agricultural density |
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| Number of farmers divided by the amount of arable land |
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| Pattern |
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| The geometric or regular arrangement of something |
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| Relocation Diffusion |
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| Spread of something through physical movement, doesn't have to grow in numbers |
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| Expansion Diffusion |
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| Movement in a "snowball" effect. growing in numbers |
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| Hierarchal diffusion |
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| Spread starting from the "top of the chain" such as with a government official then slowly down to average people |
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| Contagious Diffusion |
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| Rapid, widespread diffusion of something. like a sickness |
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| Stimulus Diffusion |
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| A spread of an underlying thought even thought a specific characteristic is rejected, such as the Apple computer, the old versions are out but the idea is still hot |
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| Formal(uniform) Region |
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| Everyone shares distinct characteristics |
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| Functional(nodal) Region |
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| Area organized around a focal point |
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| Vernacular Region |
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| (look up) |
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| Clustered concentration |
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| Close together |
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| Dispersed concentration |
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| far apart |
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| Culture |
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| customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a group |
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| Acculturation |
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| Spread of traits from one culture to another |
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| Over population |
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| having to many people and to little resources |
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| Carrying capacity |
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| The largest number of people of a certain area that the environment can support |
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| Doubling time |
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| Time it takes for a population to double |
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| Four most over populated areas |
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| East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Western Europe |
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| Four least populated areas |
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| Dry land, Wet land, High land, Cold lands |
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| Total Fertility Rate (TFR) |
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| The average number of children a women will have in her child birthing years |
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| Infant mortality rate |
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| The annual number of deaths of infants under one year old |
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| Life expectancy |
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| The number of years a human is expected to live |
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| Crude Birth rate (CBR) |
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| total number of births a year for every 1000 people alive |
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| Crude death rate |
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| Number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive |
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| Natural increase rate (NIR) |
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| CBR-CDR |
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| Malthus |
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| states that the world will get wiped out due to over population, starvation and disease, but mainly lack of food and resources. |
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| Demographic transition |
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| Change in a society from High birth rates and low death rates to low CBR and high CDR (see stages 1,2,3,4 and 5) |
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| Dependency ratio |
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| Number of people under 16 and over 64 compared to the working class |
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| Ecumene |
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| The portion of land that is permanently occupied by humans |
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| Sex ratio |
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| number of males to every 100 females |
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| Zero population growth |
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| CDR and CBR is even |
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| Emigration |
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| Movement out of an area |
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| immigration |
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| movement into a area |
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| Push factor |
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| a reason/ factor that pushes people out of an area |
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| Pull factor |
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| a reason/factor that pulls people into a area |
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| Brain drain |
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| Large scale movement of talented people |
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| Internal migration |
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| stays in the same country/area (movement from new york to florida) |
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| International migration |
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| movement to or from a diffrent continent (United states to china) |
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| Guest workers |
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| Workers who migrate to more developed country's to get jobs and work |
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| Popular culture (pop culture) |
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| Found in large heterogeneous society's, shares certain habits even thought different personal characteristics. the hearth is most often from a MDC |
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| Folk culture |
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| found in small homogeneous society's, rural and isolated from others. no particular hearth |
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| Dialect |
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| Distinguished by pronunciation, spelling and vocabulary |
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| Ten most spoken languages? |
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| Mandarin, English, Spanish, Arabic, Bengali, Hindi, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese, German |
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| Ideograms |
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| Where the spelling and pronunciation are different (Mandarin) |
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| Universalizing religions |
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| Christianity, Islam, Buddhism |
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| Ethnic religions |
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| Judaism, Hinduism, |
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| Relative location |
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| position of something on earths surface compared to another thing (ex. my house is next to 18th street) |
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| Absolute location |
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| Describing a exact location/position on of something on the earths surface |
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| Eugenics |
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| The study on how to "wipe out" a certain characteristic of humans. (nazis trying to "cleanse" the Jewish and gypsy's) |
