UTIs – Microbiology – Flashcards
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| Responsible for 90% of UTIs |
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| E. coli |
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| Cystitis |
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| Infection of the bladder wall Symptoms: Urinary frequency and urgency, dysuria, suprapubic pain and tenderness Bacteria and WBCs are common in urine Urine is malodorous |
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| Pyelonephritis |
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| An infection of the kidney and renal pelvis Most commonly follows a bladder infection WBCs, cellular casts, bacteria, and protein appear in the urine |
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| Urethritis |
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| Inflammation of the urethra usually due to bacteria |
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| Glomerulonephritis |
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| Inflammation of the glomeruli in the nephrons, glomerular capillary becomes leaky, plasma proteins and blood cells are excreted in the urine |
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| Prostatitis |
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| Inflammation of the prostate gland, often an extension of cystitis or urethritis, often follows catheterization |
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| Pathogenicity Islands |
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| Mobile genetic elements that link the virulence factor of UTI causing bacteria into multigene segments which code for virulence proteins |
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| E. coli |
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| Gram negative rod, facultative anaerobe, adheres to mucosa via pili, LPS endotoxin causes inflammation P-pilli allows bacteria to bind to P blood group antigens on urinary tract cells Type I pilli allows bacteria to bind to bladder, epithelium, and glycoproteins Treated with penicillin and ciprofloxacin |
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| Proteus vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis |
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| Gram neg rods, facultative anaerobes Opportunistic pathogens transmitted via catheters Urea positive, highly motile, swarms across agar media 2nd most common cause of UTIs Urease activity raises pH, precipitates calculi Treated with broad spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins |
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| Staph saprophyticus |
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| Gram pos cocci Is NITRITE NEGATIVE, catalase and coagulase positive, resistant to novobiocin Causes "honeymoon cystitis" |
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| ENterococcus faecalis |
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| Normal GI flora, causes endocarditis, cystitis, and wound infections Grown on blood agar or bile-esculin agar (black discoloration) Catalase negative Treated with amoxicillin, ampicillin, or vancomycin |
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| Klebsiella |
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| Gram neg, rods forming large mucoid colonies K-antigen protects from phagocytosis, aids in adherence Opportunistic, causes UTIs, lower respiratory tract, biliary tract, and wound infection Treat with cephalosporins |
