Flashcard Answers on Microbiology
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| E coli virulence factors |
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| fimbriae; K capsule; CPS endotoxin |
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| invades intestinal mucosa and causes necrosis and inflamamtion |
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| EIEC |
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| E coli that causes dystentary |
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| EIEC, EHEC |
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| E coli with no toxins |
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| EIEC, EPEC |
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| E coli similar to shigella |
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| EIEC |
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| labile/stabile toxin |
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| ETEC |
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| E coli that causes traveler's diarrhea |
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| ETEC |
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| adheres to apical surface, flattens villi and prevents absorption |
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| EPEC |
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| e coli that causes diarrhea in children |
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| EPEC |
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| shiga like toxin |
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| EHEC |
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| E coli that causes HUS |
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| EHEC: O157H7 |
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| endothelium swell and narrows lumen leading to mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow |
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| EHEC |
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| E coli that does not ferment sorbitol |
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| EHEC |
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| 4 A's of klebsiella |
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| Aspiration pneumonia, Abscess in lungs and liver, alcoholics, diabetics |
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| currant jelly sputum |
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| klebsiella |
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| nosocomial UTIs |
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| Klebsiella |
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| diarrhea to avoid abx |
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| salmonella |
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| rose spots, fever, HA and diarrhea |
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| Salmonella typhi |
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| uses actin polymerization to propel |
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| shigella |
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| fecal oral through poultry meat and unpasteurized milk |
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| campylobacter |
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| common antecedent to guillain barre |
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| campylobacter |
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| comma or s shaped, oxidase positive |
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| campylobacter, vibrio cholera |
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| rice water stools |
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| vibrio cholera |
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| pet feces |
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| yerisinia enterocolitica |
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| mimics appendicitis |
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| Yersinis enterocolitica, |
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| day care centers |
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| yersinia enterocolitica |
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| toxin A of c diff |
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| binds the brush border |
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| toxin B of c diff |
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| cytotoxin, destroys cytoskeletal structure or enterocytes |
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| diarrhea secondary to antibiotic use |
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| C diff |
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| gram positive branching filaments; anaerobe |
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| actinomyces |
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| gram positive branching filaments, aerobe |
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| nocardia |
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| gram positive rods |
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| clostridium, corynebacterium, listeria, bacillus |
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| gram positive cocci; catalase+ |
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| staphylococcus |
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| gram+ cocci; catalase- |
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| streptococcus |
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| gram+ cocci; coag+ |
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| s aureus |
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| gram+ cocci, coag- |
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| novobiocin S = S epidermidis Novobiocin R = S saphrophyticus |
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| alpha hemolytic gram positive |
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| S pneumo= capsule, bile soluble Optochin S Viridans = no capsulre, optochin R, bile insoluble |
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| beta hemolytic bacteria |
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| GAS = bacitracin S GBS = bacitracin R s aureus = catalase and coag+ listeria |
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| gamma hemolytic |
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| enterococcus |
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| protein A - organism - fxn |
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| - S aureus - binds Fc-IgG inhibiting complement fixation |
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| inflammatory diseases of S aureus |
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| skin infections, organ abscesses, pneumonia |
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| toxic mediated diseases of S aureus |
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| toxic shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome, rapid onset food poisoning |
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| infects prosthetic devices by producing adherent biofilms |
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| S epidermidis |
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| normal skin flora |
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| S epidermidis |
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| S pneumo most common cause of: |
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| meningitis, otitis media (children), pneumonia, sinusitis |
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| lancet shaped gram+ diplococci |
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| S pneumo |
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| contains IgA protease |
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| S pneumo |
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| rusty sputum |
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| S pneumo |
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| normal flora of mouth |
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| viridans |
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| subacute endocarditis |
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| viridans |
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| pyogenic disease of GAS |
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| pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo |
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| toxigenic disease of GAS |
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| scarlet fever, toxic shock like syndrome |
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| immunologic diseases of GAS |
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| rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis |
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| GBS disease in newborns |
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| pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis |
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| CAMP factor - organism - fxn |
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| - GBS - enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S aureus |
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| screen pregnant women at 35-37 weeks for |
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| GBS |
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| normal colonic flora, gamma hemolytic |
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| enterococcus |
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| UTI and subacute endocarditis |
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| enterococci |
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| biliary tract infections |
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| enterococci |
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| bactermia and subacute endocarditis in colon cancer pts |
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| s bovis |
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| ADP ribosylationof EF2 -> psuedomembranous pharyngitis |
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| diphtheria toxin |
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| metachromatic granuls |
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| C diptheria |
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| Elek test for toxin |
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| diphtheria |
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| spore forming bacteria |
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| B anthracis, C perfringens, C tetani, B cereus, C botulinum and C burnetti |
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| Infect renshaw cells in spinal cord |
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| C tetani |
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| spores in honey |
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| C botulinum |
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| flabby baby syndrome |
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| C botulinum |
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| lock jaw |
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| C tetani |
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| cutaneous vs pulmnoary anthrax |
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| cutaneous = contact -> black eschar (painless ulcer) pulmonary = inhalation -> fever, pulmonary hemorrhage, mediastinitis and shock |
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| contains lethal factor and edema factor |
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| B anthracis |
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| ingestion of unpasteurized milk/cheese |
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| listeria and brucella |
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| actin rockets to move from cell to cell |
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| listeria |
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| listeria infections in pregnant women |
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| amnionitis, septicmia, spont abortion |
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| listeria infections in newborns |
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| granulomatosis infantiseptica, neonatal meningitis |
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| listeria in IS pt |
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| meningitis |
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| listeria in normal healthy pt |
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| gastroenteritis |
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| spirochete bacteria |
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| borrelia, leptospira and treponema |
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| aniline dyes |
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| borrelia |
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| dark-field microscopy |
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| treponema |
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| question mark shaped bacteria |
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| leptospira |
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| animal urine |
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| leptospira and hantavirus |
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| jaundice, photophobia with conjunctivitis |
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| leptospira |
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| Weil's disease |
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| jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfxn with leptospira |
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| stages of lyme disease |
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| 1 = erythema chronic migrans, flu-like 2- neurologic (bell's) and cardiac (AV block) 3 = chronic mono arthritis and migratory poylyarthritis |
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| area of lyme disease |
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| northeaster |
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| lyme disease tx |
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| early = doxycycline late = ceftriaxone |
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| 1' syphillis |
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| painless chancre |
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| 2' syphillis |
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| maculopapular rach, condylomata lata |
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| 3' syphillis |
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| gummas, aortitis (vasa vasorum), neurosyphilis (tabes dorsales), argyll robertson pupil |
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| signs of 3' syphillis |
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| broad based ataxia, positive rhomberg, charcot joint, stroke w/o HTN |
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| syphilis - screen - confirm |
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| - VRDL - FTA-ABS |
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| congenital syphillis |
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| saber shins, saddle nose, CN VIII deafness, Hutchinson's teeth, mulberry molars |
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| syphillis tx |
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| penicillin C (doxycycline if allergic) |
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| argyll roberson pupil |
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| constricts with accommodation but not to light |
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| fase positie VRDL - mechanism - causes |
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| - ab that reacts with beef cardiolipin - viruses, drugs, rheumatic fever, lupus and leprosy |
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| cat scratch |
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| bartonella |
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| ixodes tick |
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| borrelia burgdorferi |
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| louse |
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| borrelia recurrentis, epidemic typhus |
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| recurrent fevers |
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| borrelia recurrentis |
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| parrots |
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| C psittaci |
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| tick feces and cattle placenta |
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| C burnetti = Q fever |
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| lone star tick |
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| e. chaffeensis |
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| ticks, rabbits, deer fly |
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| f tularensis |
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| armadillos |
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| m leprae |
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| animal bite (cats, dogs) |
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| pasteurella mitocida |
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| cellulitis, osteomyelitis zoonotic |
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| pasteurella |
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| epidemic typhus |
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| R prowazekii |
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| endemic typhus |
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| r typhus |
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| dermacentor tick bite |
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| r rickettsii |
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| flea |
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| R typus, Y pestis |
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| rodents, prairie dogs |
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| Y pestis |
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| fishy vaginal discharge |
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| gardnerella vaginalis |
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| clue cells |
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| gardnerella vaginalis |
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| gardnerella tx |
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| metronidazole |
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| rash on hands and feet |
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| rickettsia, coxsachie A, 2' syphillis |
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| granulocytes with berry cluster organisms |
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| ehrlichiosis |
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| rickettsia tx |
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| doxycycline |
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| positive weil-felix |
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| antirickettsial Ab cross react to proteus O ag |
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| rickettsia with neg Weil-felix |
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| C burnetti |
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| RMSF location |
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| east coast |
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| 2 forms of chlamydiae |
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| elementary body = infectious, enters via endocytosis - reticulate body = replicates in cell |
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| chlamydia causeing atypical pneumonia |
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| C pneumoniae and C psittaci |
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| chlamydiae tx |
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| azithromycin, doxycycline |
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| cytoplasmic inclusions on giemsa |
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| chlamydiae |
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| chlamydiae serotype: blindness |
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| A B and C |
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| chlamydiae serotype: urethritis/PID |
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| D-K |
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| chlamydiae serotype: ectopic pregnancy |
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| D-K |
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| chlamydiae serotype: neonatal pneumonia |
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| D-K |
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| chlamydiae serotype: neonatal conjunctivitis |
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| D-K |
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| chlamydiae serotype: lymphogranuloma venereum |
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| L1-L3 |
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| HA, nonproductive cough, diffuse interstitial infiltrate |
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| m pneumo |
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| with cold agglutinins |
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| m pneumo |
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| m pneumo tx |
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| tetracycline or erythromycin |
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| only bacterial membrane containing cholesterol |
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| mycoplasma |
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| military recruits and prisons |
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| m pneumo |
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| oral/facial abscesses that drain through sinus tracts |
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| actinomyces |
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| pulmonary infection in IS patients, weakly acid fast |
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| nocardia |
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| ghon focus |
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| Ca scar, lower lobes, 1' TB |
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| ghon complex |
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| Ghon focus + hilar LAD |
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| 4 sequelae of 1' TB |
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| 1= heals by fibrosis -> + PPD 2 = progressive lung dx (HIV, malnutrition) 3 = severe bactermia (miliary TB) 4 = hematogenous dissemination -> dorment tubercle in organs -> reactivation |
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| 2' TB |
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| caseous cavitary lesion in upper lobes |
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| extrapulmonary TB locations |
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| CNS, vertebral body (Pott's), lymphadenitis, real, GI |
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| PPD+ |
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| current infection, past exposure or BCG vaccination |
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| PPD- |
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| no infection, steroids, malnutrition, IS, sarcoidosis |
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| mycobacteria: pulmonary symptoms in COPD pts |
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| M kansasii |
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| mycobacteria: disseminate dx in AIDS |
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| m avium-intracellulare |
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| mycobacteria: infects skin and superficial nerves |
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| M leprae |
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| mycobacteria: cervical lymphadenitis |
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| M scrofulaceum |
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| mycobacteria: aquatic skin lesions |
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| M marinum |
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| M leprae tx |
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| rifampin, clofazimine and dapsone |
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| Hansen's: lepromatous vs tuberculoid |
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| lepromatous = diffuse over skin, communicable, Th2 tuberculoid= few hypo esthetic skin plaques; Th1 |
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| dapsone toxicity |
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| hemolysis and methemoglobinemia |
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| M avium prophylaxis |
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| azithromycin |
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| gram negative cocci |
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| Maltose fermenter = N meningiditis maltose nonfermenter = N gonorrhea |
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| gram negative coccoid rods |
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| H influenzae, pasteurella, brucella, b pertussis |
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| fast lactose fermenter gram neg rods |
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| klebsiella, e coli, enterobacter |
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| slow lactose fermenter gram neg rods |
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| citrobacter, serratia |
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| non lactose fermenter oxidase positive gram neg rod |
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| pseudomonas |
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| lactose nonfermenter oxidase neg gram neg rod |
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| shigella, salmonella, proteus |
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| what makes the pink color on MacConkey's? |
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| they produce beta-galactosidase which breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose |
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| N meningiditis v s gonorrhea: capsule |
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| meningiditis |
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| N meningiditis v s gonorrhea: maltose fermentation |
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| meningiditis |
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| N meningiditis v s gonorrhea: vaccine |
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| meningiditis |
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| N meningiditis v s gonorrhea: STD |
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| gonorrhea |
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| N meningiditis v s gonorrhea: rifampin prophylaxis |
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| meningiditis |
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| N meningiditis v s gonorrhea: tx with ceftriaxone |
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| both |
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| N meningiditis v s gonorrhea: treatment with penicillin G |
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| meningiditis |
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| diseases with H influenzae |
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| epiglottitis, meningitis, otitis media, and pneumonia |
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| produces IgA protease |
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| H influenzae and S pneumo |
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| pontiac fever |
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| legionella pneuophila |
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| treatment of legionella |
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| erythromycin |
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| diseases with pseudomonas |
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| pneumonia, sepsis, external otitis, UTI, drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis |
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| treatment of pseudomonas |
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| AG plus extended spectrum penicillins |
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| h pylori associated with increased risk for |
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| peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma |
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| triple treatment for H pylori |
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| PPI clarithromycin, and amoxicillin (or metro) |
