question

We generally refer to microorganisms using binomial nomenclature. These names generally have two parts (e.g., Escherichia coli or Homo sapiens) which refer to the

answer

genus and species

question

Peptidoglycan is uniquely found in

answer

the cell wall of most bacteria.

question

All life can be classified into three domains _________.

answer

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

question

Mycoplasmas differ from other bacteria in that they

answer

lack a cell wall.

question

Where do amino acids polymerize and become long polypeptides?

answer

ribosome

question

(fig 2) depicts the structure of _________, which is a thin structure lying inside the cell wall and enclosing the cytoplasm of the cell. It consists primarily of phospholipids and proteins.

answer

plasma membrane

question

What atmospheric compound can cyanobacteria convert into usable nutrients for plants?

answer

Nitrogen

question

Gram staining of bacteria enables one to distinguish two kinds of bacterial

answer

cell walls

question

The substance upon which an enzvme acts?

answer

Substrate

question

What are the three principle stages of cellular respiration?

answer

glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport

question

Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is used to make complex organic molecules. This is most commonly accomplished by

answer

photosynthesis

question

Human, fungi, worms, most bacteria and myriad other organisms are?

answer

chemoheterotrophs

question

Most of a cell’s energy is produced from the oxidation of................?

answer

glucose

question

Which of the following is not a function associated with complement activation?

answer

inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes

question

Microorganisms can be more readily phagocytized if they are first coated with antibodies that promote attachment of the microorganisms to the phagocyte. This coating process is called _________.

answer

opsonization

question

Peripheral lymph nodes are the sites where _________ can encounter antigen presenting cells and become activated

answer

T cells and B cells

question

In class, two primary functions for T helper cells were described. These are

answer

further activate macrophages and “help” B cells to make antibody

question

Antibodies bound to antigen help get rid of the antigens because the bound antibodies promote all of the following except

answer

cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing

question

Which cells make antibodies?

answer

B cells

question

Which of the following is not a characteristic of skin that helps protect us from infection?

answer

the skin cells have Toll like receptors (TLR) that help digest bacteria

question

The cells to the right are gram + cocci that grow in grape like clusters. What genus are they most likely

answer

Staphylococci

question

Natural microbiota of the skin are most likely to be

answer

gram + (positive)

question

Clinical symptoms such as warts and measles are commonly caused by

answer

viruses

question

Bullae are

answer

vesicles larger than 1cm

question

Macule are

answer

flat reddened lesions

question

Clinical symptoms such as cold sores, chicken pox, and shingles are caused by

answer

herpes viruses

question

Streptococci that are ____hemolytic are most commonly associated with human disease.

answer

beta

question

Warts are generally caused by ________.

answer

Papillomavirus

question

All of the following cause conjunctivitis except ________.

answer

Propionibacterium

question

Acne is caused by

answer

bacteria that metabolize the oil that accumulates in blocked hair follicles

question

Herpes Simplex I virus causes cold sores in and around the mouth. Most people can develop cold sores many time throughout their lives because

answer

the virus can become latent in nerves and emerges at various times to cause the lesions

question

Which of the following statements about defensins is false?

answer

they are most active in the dermis of the skin

question

S. aureus is the most pathogenic species of Staphylococcus. One of the enzymes it produces is coagulase. What does coagulase do?

answer

converts fibrinogen into fibrin

question

All the following are viral diseases of the skin except?

answer

Impetigo

question

Which of the following statements about infectious mononucleosis is falsea. It is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection
b. it is characterized by proliferation of monocytes
c. It is caused by herpes virus
d. it has an incubation of 4-7 weeks
e. Childhood infections are asymptomatic

answer

It is caused by herpes virus

question

The most common route of central nervous system invasion is through?

answer

the circulatory system

question

Which of the following organisms that can cause meningitis has the ability to avoid destruction from phagocytosis then travel directly from one macrophage to another macrophage without exposure to additional immune responses?

answer

L. monocytogenes

question

Which of the following organisms is mismatcheda. H. influenza gram negative
b. N.meningitis gram negative
c. L. monocytogenes gram negative
d. S. pneumonia gram positive
e. C. botulinum gram positive

answer

L. monocytogenes gram negative

question

Encephalitis is inflammation of what organ or tissue?

answer

brain

question

If someone has meningitis, they have a disease of the

answer

central nervous system

question

Clostridium tetani causes tetanus. This usually requires a deep puncture wound to “inject” the bacteria deep into a muscle or other tissue. This requirement is because the bacteria

answer

are strict anaerobes and must be in an environment that is very low in oxygen

question

Which of the following best describes a prion?

answer

a protein that can cause disease and reproduce without any apparent DNA or RNA

question

Why can the antibiotic chloramphenicol cross the “blood brain barrier?”

answer

it is fat soluble

question

Which bodily fluid is tested to diagnose meningitis?

answer

cerebrospinal fluid

question

Eating sausages used to be the most common route of transmission for botulism. Why is this no longer a current health issue?

answer

nitrates are added to sausages

question

Treatment for tetanus in an unimmunized individual is?

answer

tetanus immune globulin

question

How do Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetania cause their symptoms of disease?

answer

they produce toxins

question

The storage of canned food that was not sterilized can be dangerous because

answer

bacteria that cause botulism can grow

question

What are the signs and symptoms of sepsis?

answer

fever and decreased blood pressure

question

Which of the following organisms is mismatched?

answer

L. monocytogenes gram negative

question

Which of the following statements about rheumatic fever is false?

answer

it is often transmitted by improper food preparation

question

Which of the following diseases is not caused by a bacterium or virus?

answer

toxoplasmosis

question

Lyme disease is a vector transmitted disease….

answer

whose reservoir is deer
whose vector is the tick

question

Which of the following statement(s) about sepsis caused by gram + organisms are true?

answer

staphylococci and streptococci produce exotoxins that lead to toxic shock

question

Which organ or cell is not a part of the lymphatic system?

answer

red blood cells

question

Which of the following is the best evidence that the arthritis that is afflicting people in Lyme, Connecticut was due to bacterial infection?

answer

affected mostly children

question

What is the suggested treatment to prevent endocarditis?

answer

penicillin

question

What disease would you be worried a pregnant woman with a cat might get?

answer

toxoplasmosis

question

Normally the lower respiratory tract is nearly sterile, what is the primary mechanism responsible?

answer

Efficient functioning of the ciliary escalator in the bronchial tubes

question

For microbes, the most common portal of entry or mechanism of infection is

answer

nose and mouth

question

A serious complication of streptococcal infections (e.g. streptococcal sore throat) leading to sepsis can then lead to

answer

endocarditis

question

When someone is positive on a skin test for tuberculosis, that means

answer

a. they have tuberculosis
b. they had tuberculosis and are cured
c. they have been immunized to tuberculosis
d. any of the above could result in a positive skin test

question

Mycoplasmal pneumonia differs from Pneumococcal pneumonia in that

answer

in pneumococcal pneumonia the organism is easy to culture

question

Pneumococci cause pneumococcal pneumonia. The virulent forms of pneumococci are capable of causing disease because they

answer

have a capsule that help them avoid phagocytosis

question

One can get the flu (influenza virus infection) several times. This is because over time the virus changes the antigens on its surface so those that had the disease several years ago will have an immune response that cannot protect against the current strain. The changing of the antigens in this manner is called

answer

antigenic shift

question

Viral strains of Influenza virus are identified by antigenic differences in the _________, they are also divided by antigenic differences in their protein coats (A, B, and C)

answer

a. H and N spikes

question

A physician receives a lab report indicating that acid-fast bacilli were found in sputum from a patient with a lower respiratory tract infection. The physician suspects ________.

answer

Tuberculosis

Microbiology 4 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards