Micro Vector Borne – Flashcards
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| what is a arbovirus |
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| many viral families maintained via transmission between vertebrates by arthropods |
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| what re the 6 categories of vectors |
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| aerosol and water spider human fomite rabid animal arthropod/blood feeders |
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| what is a fomite |
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| inanimate object like a needle, often in health care enivornment |
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| what is transferred specifically by human vectors, what disease does it cause (2) |
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| neisseria gonorrhoeae R. prowazekii (epidemic typhys) |
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| what uses aerosol or water as a vector, what diseases do they cause (4) |
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| codiella burnetti schistoma mansoni (large intestines) S. japonicam (small intestines) S. marmotobium (bladder) cause swimmers itch, karayma feverm bilharias |
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| what diseases can be caused by rabid animals (3) what are their vectors |
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| mice: hanta virus birds, horses, rodents: encephalitis bat, skunk, fox: rabies |
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| what qualifies something to be an arthropod |
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| 6 legged insect or 8 legged tick/mite |
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| what are 6 ways to find an arthropod |
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| some only bite at night some have short life (30d mosquito) some maintain presence on host (tick) may prefer to be on animal as primary target enivornment is good for them areas with high population, forest, or poor sanatation |
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| what are the 3 types of mosquitoes |
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| ades, culex, anopheles |
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| what are the 5 diseases ades mosquito transmits |
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| dengue yellow fever eastern equine encephalitis lacrosse encephalitis california encephalitis |
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| what are the 4 diseases culex mosquito transmits |
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| enezulean encephalitis west nile virus st. louis encephalitis western equine encephalitis |
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| what are the 4 microbes anopheles transmits |
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| malaria: Plasmodium falciprium, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae |
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| what are the 3 filariarial worms that are transmitted by mosquito and the disease they cause |
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| wucheria bancroft (elephantitis) burgia malyayl (epephantitis) dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm) |
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| what are the 2 microbes that cause dengue where are they found |
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| aedes aegypti: in southern US any other ades in all other places |
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| what are the three types of yelow fever, what microbe causes yellow fever, what mosquito transmits each type of yellow fever |
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| plasmodium causes yellow fever jungle/sylvatic: ades africanus, hemagogus, sabethes intermediate/savannah: any ades urban: ades ageypti |
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| what transmits chickunguyna |
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| mosquito |
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| what transmits japanese encephalitis |
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| mosqito |
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| what transmits lymphatic filariasis |
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| mosquito |
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| what are the 4 types of tick, what is an alternate name for each |
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| ixodes- deer tick dermacenter- dog tick ambylomma- lone star tick orithodorus- soft tick |
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| what are the 4 microbes carried by the ixodes tick and the disease they cause |
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| B. hermsii- powasson encephalitis aka relapsing fever, meningenocephalitis anaplasma phagocytophilli babesia mcroti- babesosis borelia burgdoferi- lyme disease |
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| what are the two ticks that carry lyme disease where are they lcoated |
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| ixodes scapularis- east of mississippi ixodes pacificus- west of mississippi |
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| what are the 3 microbes dermacenter carries, what diseases do they cause |
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| ehrlichia feancisella tularensis- tularemia R. rickettsi- rocky mountain spotted fever |
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| what type of tick spreads rocky mountain spotted fever |
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| dermacentor andersoni |
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| what are the 2 microbes the ambylomma spreads |
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| echrlichia chaffeensis francisella tulatensis |
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| what microbe does the ornithodorus tick spread, what disease does it cause |
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| borrelia hermissi- endemic relapsing fever |
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| what are the 5 bug / fly vectors |
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| black fly sand fly tse tse fly mango fly reduvid/kissing bug |
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| what vector spreads onchocerciasis volvus |
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| simulum black fly |
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| what three microbes does the sand fly spread, what disease do they cause |
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| leshmania tropic (cutaneous leshminasis) l. mexicana (cutaneous) l. brasilinesis (mucosa) |
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| what two microes does the tse tse fly spread, what disease do they cause |
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| t. bruci gambinese (west african sleeping sickness) t. bruci rhodesience (east african sleeping sickness) |
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| what microbe does the reduvid/kissing bug spread, what disease does it cause |
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| chagas disease/african typanosomiasis |
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| what disease does the mango fly spread |
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| loa loa |
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| what is chalmydia trachomatis spread by what does it cause |
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| fly trachoma |
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| what is fransicella tularensis spread by what does it cause |
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| fly tularemia |
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| what is bartonella bacilliformis spread by what does it cause |
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| fly carrison's disease |
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| what 4 microbes are spread by fleas what diseases do they cause |
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| bartonella quintana (trench fever, rickettsia) yershinia pestis (plague) B. henselae- cat scratch fever r. typhih- endemic/murine typhi |
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| what 3 microbes do lice spread, what are the diseases they cause |
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| r. prowazecki- epidemic typhys bordllia recurremtis- relapsing fever bartonella quintana- trench fever |
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| what two microbes are spread by mites, what diseases do they cause |
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| o. tstsugmuschi- scrub typhys r. akari- ricketssial pox (scabes) |
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| what disease is spread by bed bugs, what microbe causes it |
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| t. crusi- chagas disease- african tranosomiasis |
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| rickettsia: staining, morphology, growth requirements |
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| gram negative rod will not grow on artificial media because it is intracellular and does not have its own enzymes for energy production |
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| what is our major defense against rickettsia |
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| CMI, we make antibodies but they aernt great |
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| how is rickettsia diagnosed (4) |
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| initially: clinical findings, epidemology Labs: serology, PCT |
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| what are the 4 categories of rickettsial disease |
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| spotted fevers typhus new rickettsias echrlichia/anaplasma |
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| what are the two types of spotted fevers, what causes them, on what vector |
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| rocky mountain: R. rickettsia- dermacentor andersoni tick rickettsial pox: R. akari- mouse and mite |
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| what are the three types of typhus, what causes them, on what vector |
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| epidemic: E. prowazekii- humans and louse endemic/murine: R. typhi and rat flea feces scrub: Orientia tsutsugumaushi- chigger and rat |
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| how is echrlicha spread (3) |
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| ambylomma and dermacentor tick and deer |
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| how is anaplasma spread (2) |
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| ixodes tick and white footed mouse |
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| what are the two rickettsia that dont cause disease |
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| phagocytoplilum and bartonella species |
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| what is the honorary rickettsia, how is it spread |
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| coxiella burnetti- humans |
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| where can you pick up rocky mountain spotted fever, from what microbe and vector |
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| south central US R. rickettsia dermacentor andersoni tick |
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| what are the acute symptoms of rocky mountain spotted fever (6) |
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| flu, high fever, headache, cough, rash tick bite |
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| describe the rash from rocky mountain spotted fever |
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| centripetal, on wrist palms, soles, ankles then spreads to the torso nothing on face macular (flat) to maculopapular (bumps) to patechial (bleeds) |
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| what are the severe symptoms of rocky mountain spotted fever (7) |
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| organ failure: renal, kidney, heart, pulmonary, neuro gangrene, mortality |
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| where can you get rickettsial pox, by what microbe and vector |
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| large urban areas with asian and russian immigrants R. akari from a mite that bit a mouse |
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| what are the symptoms of rickettsial pox (2) |
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| CENTRIFUGAL rash like chicken pox that is rare on palms and soles self-limiting disease |
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| where can you pick up epidemic typhys, from what microbe and vector |
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| epidemic in crowded areas with poor hygiene R. prowazekii from other humans or P. humanus louse feces getting into your wounds (also flying squirells...) |
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| what are the symptoms of epidemic typhys(5) |
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| prolonged fever headache motrality if untreated or malnourished brill zinsser recurdesence disease |
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| what is brill zinsser recurdesence disease: cause, signs |
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| latent rickettsia prowazekii epidemic typhys in the nodes latent that causes a more mild infection years later |
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| where can you get endemic/murine typhys, what microbe and vector |
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| urban and costal US, southern california, rio grande R. typhy in feces of flea that bit a rat |
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| what are the symptoms of endemic/murine typhus (2) |
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| mild form of epidemic typhus rash on torso |
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| where can you get scrub typhus, what microbe and vector |
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| south east asia, pacific islands, australia orientia tsutsugamushi on chigger that bit a rat |
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| what are the symptoms of scrub typhus (7) |
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| like rocky mountain spotted fever gradual onset, chills, fever, cough, headache, eschar at wound, rash that spreads from trunk to extremities |
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| what are the two new rickettsiae, what symptoms do they cause |
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| R. solvaca, R. subrica lymphoadenopathy |
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| where can you pick up echrlichia and anaplasma, what vectors |
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| similar locations to rocky mountain spotted fever hiking, camping, transfusions (rare) ehrlichia: ambylomma and dermacentor tick that bit a deer anaplasma: ixodes rick that bit a white foot mouse |
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| how do echrlicha and anaplasma cause disease |
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| ehrlichia infects monocytes and anaplasma infects granulocytes they travel to marrow and infect it and endothelial tissue along the way |
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| what are the symptoms of echrlichia and anaplasma (8), what symptoms appear if severe (3) |
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| flu, malaise, anorexia leukopenia, thrombocytopenia increased LFT and bilirubin rarely a rash CNS, renal, and respiratory symptoms if severe |
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| how can echrlicha and anaplasma be identified histologically |
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| morulae: clusters of bacteria in the cytoplasm of monocytes (ehrlichosis) or granulocytes in late band stages (anaplsamosis) |
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| how can echrlicha and anaplasma be identified in the lab (6) |
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| PCR, serology (titer), immunoflouresence, EIA, peripherial smear, ABNORMAL BUFFY COAT |
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| what is the prognosis of echrlicha and anaplasma |
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| self limited mostly becomes severe in kids, eldery, and immune compormized |
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| what is the general life cycle of a rickettsia that enters a human |
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| entry via tick, flea, louse, or mite multiply in cells (typhus is cytotoxic) spread to blood and lymph cause vascular and systemic complications |
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| what is the treatment for rickettsia (6) |
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| empiric therapy with antibitics upon suspsicion of infection supportive therapy for disease specific conditions: thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, hypotension, coagulation, hyponatremia |
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| [image] |
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| rickettsial pox |
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| petechial rash |
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| petechial rash smear |
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| morulae: echrlichosis inside a monocyte |
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| morulae: anaplasmosis inside granulocyte |
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| maculopapular rash |
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| macular rash |
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| macular rash smear |
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| borrelia |
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| borrelia: type of microbe, staining technique, how it damages host |
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| spirochete wont gram stain, stain with flouresence adheres to cell surface and causes damage without producing toxin |
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| what are the two diseases caused by borrelia |
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| relapsing fever lyme disease (erythema margins) |
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| what borrelia are transfered by lice, what disease do they cause, how does the transfer work |
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| transmission during feeding, scratching, and defecation borrelia recurrentis- epidemic relapsing fever |
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| what borrelia are transfered by ticks, what disease to they cause, how does the transfer work |
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| need to latch for hours to cause infection borrelia hermssi- endemic relapsing fever borrelia burgdorferi- lyme disease |
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| who gets relapsing fever, what microbes cause it, what vector |
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| epidemic in the homeless borrelia recurrents- epidemic via lice borrelia hermssi- endemic via tick |
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| what are the symptoms of relapsing fever(5) |
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| fever for 3-6 days sweating weakness neurological complications recurrance/relapse |
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| why is there relapse in relapsing fever, how long does it take |
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| 7-10 days less severe due to antigen variation and immune response to the new antigens |
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| how is relapsing fever detected (4) |
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| bites, symptoms, peripherial smears, antibody titers |
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| what is the treatment and prognosis for relapsing fever |
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| self limiting if from tick (endemic) 40% mortality if from louse (epidemic) tetracyclines |
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| how is lyme disease transmitted (2 ways), what vectors (3 vectors) |
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| young feeding stages of tick (present in summer) possible congenital transmission from spirochete vectrs: ixodes scapularis east of mississippi, ixodes pacificus west of mississippi, mom if congenital |
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| what are the three stages of lyme disease |
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| erythma margins (3-30 days after bite_ dissemination arthritis |
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| what are the signs f the erythma margins stage of lyme disease (4) |
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| bulls eye rash, fever, headache, muscle pain |
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| what are the (6) signs of the dissemination stage of lyme idsease |
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| cardio: 1st deg heart bloc, myocarditis neuro: headache, bells palsy, meningitis, neuritis |
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| what are the symptoms of the arthritis stage of lyme disease, why does it occur |
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| arthritis in the large joints autoimmune response due to cross reactivity antigens on microbe surface with joint tissue (type II hypersensitivity) |
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| what are the 4 ways to detect lyme disease |
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| tick bite in endemic area, serolocy, PCR, silver stain |
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| what are the 3 serology tests for lyme disease, which is better what part of the microbe do they look for |
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| ELISA tests for antibody. low sensitivity V1sEC6: better than ELISA increased sensitivity and specificity. detects antigen, faster western blot: current conformation test, detects bacterial protein |
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| what is the treatment for lyme disease |
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| tetracyclines |
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| dengue: what type of microbe, what vector, where can it be found |
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| arbovirus ades ageypti in south US, any ades will do though humans are primary vector after mosquito |
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| where does dengue replicate in the body |
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| monocytes |
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| what are the two types of dengue what are their causes |
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| initial infection: mild second infection: worse. you can never be infected with the same serotype twice. but there are four of them. so if you get infected a second time with a different serotype (or are a kid bit the first time) the microbe can directly invade monocytes because it has a special made Fc receptor made specifically to ingest them |
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| what does dengue do when in a monocyte that was infected by a different serotype beore (5), what does this cause in the body (2) |
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| causes increased production of cytokines INFa, INFb, IL-1, IL-6, TNF causes plasma leakage and thrombocytopenia |
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| what are the symptoms of both first and second dengue infections (3) |
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| elevated temp thrombocytopenia biphasic fever |
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| why does dengue cause elevated temp and increased hemocrit |
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| dehydration which leads to shock, bleeding, organ impairment. decreased BV raises hemocrit |
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| why does dengue cause thrombocytopenia |
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| bleeding as a result of capillary damage |
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| what does dengue cause biphasic fever |
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| bacteria change surface antigens and cytokines are made in response them them and fever comes back |
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| what are symptoms uinque to the initial dengue infection (5) |
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| joint, bone, and muscle pain retro-orbital pain petechial hemorrhage bradycardia maculopapular rash initially on legs and chest as fever lowers |
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| what are symptoms unique to a second dengue infection (5) |
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| hemorrhagic fever shock higher mortality hemorrhage in GI hemorrhage in skin |
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| what is the treatment for dengue (3) |
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| fever reducion antibody to serotype time |
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| what are some other names for dengue, why (3) |
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| severe break bone fever: joint, bone, and muscle pain saddle back fever, camel back fever |
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| what are the three types of yelow fever, what vectors |
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| jungle/sylvatic: ades, hemagogus or sabethes mosquito bites monkeys and humans intermediate/savannah: ades mosquito bites monkeys and humans near forests urban: ades aegypti mosquito bites traveler and then an at home mosquito bites them and transfers it |
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| where does yellow fever replicate in people |
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| liver and vascular endothelium |
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| what is the treatment for yellow fever |
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| none, but there is an attenuated vaccine |
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| what are the symptoms of yellow fever (13) |
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| headache chills muscle ache- back pain red eyes byphasic fever liver damage- decreases coagulation factors causing... hemorrhage GI bleeds causing black vomit jaundice due to bilirubin build in later stages renal failure organ failure shock |
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| what is encephalitis |
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| inflammation of the brain tissue |
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| what are the causes of viral encephalitis (7) |
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| herpes encephalitis viruses enteroviruses measles mumps rabies LCM virus |
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| what are the post viral causes of encephalitis (3), why |
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| due to autoimmune demyelination measles, mumps, influenza |
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| what are the protozoans that cause encephalitis (2) |
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| T. bruci, amoebas |
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| what are the 4 non-categorized microbes that cause encephalitis |
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| T. pallidum, B. burgdorferi, leptospria, mycobacterium TB |
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| what are the5 types of encephalitis found in the US |
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| st. louis encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, weater equine encephalitis, lacrosse encephalitis, powassan encephalitis |
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| where is malaria an endemic (5) |
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| africa, south east asia, south ameica, sominican, mexico |
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| what are the 4 microbes that cause malaria, what are their vector |
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| anopheles mosquito- P. falciprium, P. vivax other anophles- P. malariae, P. ovale |
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| what types of malaria infections can you have at the same time |
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| you can be infected with any combination at the same time |
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| which malaria infection is worst, why |
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| P. falciprum can infect RBC of any age and has become increasingly resistant to drugs |
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| what are the ways to acquire malaria other than mosquito (2) |
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| transfusion, congenital |
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| what is the form of malaria that infections humans, what does it do once inside |
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| sporozoite goes to the liver and asexually reproduces via binary fusion in a schizot making merosites (immature trophozoites) |
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| once malaria matures to a merozoite in the liver, what are the three pathways it can take |
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| develop into hypnoxoites which go to the liver and make more schizots develop into gametocytes which have sex making zygotes that mature into oikinites do a second replication (making schizont) in RBC and make more merozoites, lysing RBC and infecting more RBC |
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| which species of malaria can return to the liver after maturing and moving to the blood, why are they of high concern |
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| P vivax and P. ovale they can become latent in the liver and cause malaria reoccurence because they are protected by the liver cells |
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| once a malaria develops into gamates, zygote than ookinites, what does it do |
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| it is sucked up by a female anopheles mosquito and matures in there into a sporozoite, ready to infect a new hot |
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| once malaria matures and moves to RBC, some replicate more there making more merozoites and lysing RBC, how can this process be identified clinically |
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| paroxysms: fever, chills |
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| what is the incubation time for malaria |
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| 2 weeks |
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| what are the initial symptoms of malaria (7) |
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| flu like: nausea, vomiting, fever, fatigue, muscle and back pain, dry cough |
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| what are the progressed symptoms of malaria (7) |
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| splenomeagly jaundice: RBC lysis releases bilirubin and the liver cannot procress it paroxysms: shaking, chills, fever 105F, headache, sweating |
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| why do paroxysms occur in waves in malaria, how long are they |
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| repeat every 72 hours for P. malariae repeat every 48 hours for P. falciprium, ovale, and vivax repeat as trophozoote development occurs |
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| how long is the incubation for P. falciprium |
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| 7d |
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| P. falciprum infects blood cells of every age, other than being able to disseminate a lot, why is this a problem |
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| causes them to be sticky and block capillaries in the brain and kidney |
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| how is malaria idenfitied (4) |
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| PCR indirect florescent antibody blood smear ELISA for plasmodium molecules (histadine right with lactate DH) |
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| what are the two types of smears for malaria, how are they done, what do they let you see |
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| thick: dry drop of blood on the slide, blue areas will show, only identifies presence not type thin: spread out blood and let it dry, allows determination of morphology (determine if accole/merozoite, schizont, etc) |
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| what is an accole |
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| merozoite sticking along the edge of a RBC seen in a smear |
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| what is a treatment what works on some P. falciprum, where is it found |
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| chichona bark from peru has quinine (tonic) |
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| how can malaria be prevented (5) |
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| drain standing water, mosquito nets, deet, permethrin, sanatation |
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| babesia: where does it live in the body, what two forms does it have |
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| develops in blood, tissues, CNS invasion via RBC tetrad and ring forms |
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| what is the prognosis of a bagesia infection |
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| self limited unless elderly or immune compormized |
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| what are the two types of babesia, what microbes are in those categories, where do they live |
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| L. amastigote in the macrophages and tissues - Leshmania and T. crusi R. tryptomastigote in the blood- T. crusi and T. brucei |
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| what are the two categories of babesia diseases and their sub diseases |
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| leshmania- cutaneous, mucocutaneous, visceral trypanosomes- african sleeping sickness, american sleeping sickness (chagas) |
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| where can you get cutaneous leshmania, what microbes, what are two other names for it |
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| bagdhad boil, delhi boil L. tropica- asia, north africa L. mexicana- south and centeral america sandfly bites dog or rodant than human via regurgitation of blood into bite |
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| mucocutaneous leshmania: vectors, microbe, aka |
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| espundia L. brasiliensis sandfly bites dog or rodant than human via regurgitation of blood into bite |
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| visceral leshmania: aka, locations, vectors |
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| kala azar, black fever mediterranean and africa sandfly bites dog or rodant than human via regurgitation of blood into bite |
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| what is the life cycle of leshmania |
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| amastigote replicates in macrophages, ruptures them, spreads causing chronic infection of skin, mucous, organs |
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| what tissues does mucocutaneous leshmania damage, what are the 4 complications |
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| mouth, nose disfiguring, pheumonia, secondary infection, starvation |
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| what tissues does visceral leshmania invade (5), through what process does it cause damage, what is the main clinical sign |
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| RES, liver, spleen, kidney, heart type IV hypersensitivity can lead to death acetes: abdominal distension |
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| what is the treatment for leshmania (2) |
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| surgery heat cutaneous areas with a IR lamp |
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| what micrbes cause african sleeping sickness, where are they found, how do their infections differ, what is the vector |
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| tsetse fly bites cattle and sheep than humans T. bruci gambinese: W. africa, infects for months to years T. bruci rhodesience: E. africa, rapid infection from weeks to months |
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| how does african sleeping sickness cause disease |
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| cutaneous infection spreads to the CNS causing encephalitis |
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| what are the 4 phases of african sleeping sickness |
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| initial: cancher at bite site haemoplymphatic winterbottom neurological |
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| what occurs in the haemolymphatic phase of african sleeping sickness (3) |
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| fever, rash, headache |
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| what happens in the winterbottom phase of african sleeping sickness (1) |
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| large nodes appear on the back of the neck |
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| what happens in the neurological phase of african sleeping sickness (3) |
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| lethargy, convulsion, speech impairment |
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| how is african sleeping sickness prevented |
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| vector control, no vaccine |
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| american trypanosomiasis: aka, bug, vector, location |
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| chagas disease- T. crusi kissing bug or bed bug in central and south america |
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| how does T crusi cause disease |
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| people usually bit on face in sleep and bug poo gets in the bite and then we itch it and rub it in trypomastigote migrate into blood tissue (can cross placenta) |
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| what are 5 signs of chagas disease |
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| chagoma: initial lesion ramona sign: facial swelling at bite hepatosplenomeagly megacolon myocardial congestive heart failure and death |
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| what are 5 ways chagas is diagnosed |
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| clinical peripherial smear tissue sample shows amsastigote serology xenodiagnosis |
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| how does xenodiagnosis work, what disease is this done for |
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| take kissing bug that isnt infected, let it bite the person, look at the bug poo to trypanosome |
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| how is chagas pregented (2) |
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| vector control, vaccine T. vrucei has no antigenic variation |
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| how is chagas treated (2) |
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| interferon gamma pacemaker for cardiac failure |
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| what are the 4 diseases caused by nematodes, what are their microbes and vectors |
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| elephantitis: wucheria bancroft, burgia malyayi in mosquito river blindness- onchocera volvus in simulum black fly loa loa- mango fly heart worm- dirofilaria immitis in mosquito |
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| who does doriofilaria immitis infect |
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| dogs and cats |
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| where can you pick up river blindness (3), what is the microbe and vector |
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| onchocerca volvus- simulum black fly africa, mediterran, south america |
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| what is another name for nematode (2) |
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| round worms, filarial worms |
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| why do nematodes cause disease |
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| toxic worm products cause inflammation and immune response |
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| explain the life cycle of a nematode that infects a hhuman |
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| gets into lymph, make microfilariae, go to blood mosquito sucks them up, shed sheath into mosquito gut, migrate to mosquito thorax, form larvae that mature and migrate to mosquito proboscias (mouth) mosquito bites and infects another animal |
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| how do the microbes in elephanditis cause symptoms |
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| blocks lymph ducts causing lymphadenitis, orchitis, elephantitis |
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| how are the microbes in elephanitis identified and treated |
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| identify via dheath and nuclei in tail treat with ivermectin and surgery |
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| what is the location of the microbes that cause river blindness |
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| filarua mature into adults in subcutaneous tissue, larvae migrate to the eye |
question
| where are loa loa in the body, where do they mature and migrate and such |
answer
| larvae injected into wound mature to adults in subcutaneous tissue and microfilariae go to blood and lymph and travel to the rest of the body (esp the eye0 |
question
| what are two signs of loa loa |
answer
| calibar sign: itchy subcutaneous swelling adult in sclera (short lived) |
question
| [image] |
answer
| trypomastigote on peripherial smear |
question
| [image] |
answer
| thin smear of malaria |
question
| [image] |
answer
| thick smear of malaria |
question
| [image] |
answer
| T. bruci in early blood form |
question
| [image] |
answer
| schistome eggs in tissue |
question
| [image] |
answer
| schistome eggs in stool (left) S. amnsoni, S. japonicum, S. hematobium (right) |
question
| [image] |
answer
| sand fly |
question
| [image] |
answer
| T. trytomastigote |
question
| [image] |
answer
| onchoccera volvus |
question
| [image] |
answer
| mating adult schistomes |
question
| [image] |
answer
| macrophage with amastigote in it |
question
| [image] |
answer
| L. amastigote |
question
| [image] |
answer
| espunda |
question
| [image] |
answer
| cerciariae |
question
| [image] |
answer
| amastigote in tissue biopsy |
question
| what is the blood fluke we are learning, aka, what are the three types |
answer
| blood fluke aka termatode schistomas S. mansoni, S. japonicum, S. haematobium |
question
| what are the three schistomes, where do they infect, where can you get them |
answer
| S. mansoni- large intestines. carribean, africa, asia S. japonicum- small intestines, asia S. harmotobium- bladder, africa, middle east |
question
| what are the three diseases schistomes cause |
answer
| swimmers itch, katamaya fever, bilharsiasis |
question
| what is the treatment for a schistome infection |
answer
| membrane killing antihelminths surgery |
question
| why are schistomes different from other GI termatodes (2) |
answer
| they are round and look more like a nematode, they have seperate male and female forms that stay together for years |
question
| swimmers itch: how do you get it, what is the symptoms, why |
answer
| get by swimming in area with bord feces that have cerciae fluke cannot invade past skin because it inst a human form and generates a cutaneous infection |
question
| what are the 4 signs of katamaya fever, why do they occur |
answer
| eosinophils have immune response to the eggs of the schistome and cause fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hepatomeagly |
question
| what are the 6 signs of bilharsiasis |
answer
| fbrous granuloma, bloody diarrhea, intestinal edema, cystitis, urethritis, bladder cancer |
question
| why does bilharsiasis cause symptoms |
answer
| bladder cancer because it turns on oncogenes obstruction by eggs and immune response |
question
| explain the life cycle of a schistome |
answer
| eggs are made in feces and get into water they hatch and are motile (miracidia) and go looking for a snail they replicate in snail and produce cerciariae cercariae attach to skin and loose their tail becoming schistosomulae they burrow into skin and get into blood and lymph they move to intestines, liver, or bladder and mature into adults and lay eggs that shed into stool |
