Micribial Metabolism – Flashcards
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| Catabolism |
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| Energy-yielding series of reactions |
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| Holoenzyme |
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| Means whole enzyme |
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| Coenzyme |
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| A nonprotein component of an active enzyme |
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| Turnover Number |
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| A measure of the rate of activity of an enzyme |
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| A protein portion of an enzyme, inactive without a cofactor. |
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| Apoenzyme |
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| Cytochromes |
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| A group of enzymes that function as electron carries in respiration and photosynthesis |
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| Beta Oxidation |
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| A mechanism by which fatty acids are degraded. |
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| Durham Tube |
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| Fermentation test |
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| Chemoheterotroph |
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| Both the carbon source and the energy source are usually the same organic compound. |
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| Photoheterotroph |
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| Photosynthetic, but uses organic material rather than carbon dioxide as a carbon source. |
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| Photoautotroph |
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| Photosynthetic bacteria that use carbon dioxide as a carbon source. |
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| Noncompetitive inhibitor |
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| Changes the shape of the active site of an enzyme |
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| Competitive inhibitor |
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| Very similar in shape or chemistry to the normal enzyme substrate. |
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| Pentose phosphate pathway |
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| Hexose monophosphate shunt; produces important intermediates that act as precursors in the synthesis of nucleic acids and so on. |
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| Aerobic Respiration |
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| The final electron acceptor is oxygen |
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| Anaerobic Respiration |
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| Bacteria use oxygen substitutes such as nitrates |
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| Cyclic Pathway |
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| Anoxygenic |
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| noncyclic pathways |
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| Water is split; molecular Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH are produced. |
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| Fermentation |
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| Pyruvic acid accepts electrons and is turned into various end-products, such as lactic acid or ethanol |
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| Glycolysis |
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| Glucose to pyruvic acid |
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| Oxidative phosphorylation |
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| Electrons are removed from an organic compound and are transferred by an electron transport chain to oxygen |
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| Photophosphorylation |
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| An electron is liberated from chlorophyll and passes down an electron transport chain |
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| NAD+ |
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| A dehydrogenase coenzyme derived from nicotinic acid (niacin) |
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| FMN |
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| A dehydrogenase coenzyme derived from riboflavin |
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| ATP Synthase |
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| In chemiosmosis, protons can diffuse across a membrane only through special channels that contain this enzyme. |
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| Decarboxylation |
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| Pyruvic acide lises carbon dioxide to form an acetyl group |
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| Embden-Meyerhof |
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| Glycolysis |
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| Anoxygenic |
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| A photosynthetic organism that does not produce oxygen |
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| Oxidation |
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| Removal of electrons |
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| Chemoautotroph |
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| Uses an inorganic souce of energy such as ammonia or elemental sulfur |
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| Saprophite |
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| A chemoheterotroph that lives on dead organic matter |
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| Saturated |
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| Term to describe an enzyme's active site when it is occupied by substrated or product molecules. |
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| Substrate-level phosphorylation |
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| No oxygen or other inorganic final electron acceptor is required |
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| Deamination |
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| The removal of NH2 from an amino acid |
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| Decarboxylation |
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| The removal of -COOH from an amino acid |
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| Substrate |
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| The substance that an enzyme acts upon |
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| Metabolic Pathway |
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| The sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions in a cell |
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| Acetyl CoA |
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| What pyruvic acid is converted into in aerobic respiration; this is the product that enters the krebs cycle |
