Bacterial Diseases Test Questions – Flashcards

Bacillus anthracis

Survive phagocytosis with D-glutamate capsules

3-part exotoxin (LF+AP or EF+AP)
Fever, chills, malaise, fatigue, cough, SOB, N&V, diarrhea, headache, myalgia, sore throat, eschards

t(x): Penicillin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, *Antitoxin

Bacillus cereus

1st type: intestinal - diarrhea and loose, watery stools
2nd type: causes N&V

t(x): time

Chlamydia trachomatis

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Subgroup A - only humans
Glycogen ; bacterial inclusions

Makes folic acid and glycogen

Males: burning, blood in urine, white discharge

Reiters - inflammation of joints, white aspirated fluid

Inguinal ligament may "split" swollen nodes

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t(x): Tetracyclin, erythromycin, cycloserine, azithromycin, ofloxacin, amoxicillin

C. psittaci (carried by parrots)

C. pneumoniae

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Subgroup B (all mammals)

Do not make folic acid or glycogen

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t(x): tetracycline, erythromycin, cycloserine, azithromycin, ofloxacin, amoxicillin

Clostridium botullum

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In low-acid foods; absorbed through intestine; kill with heat

Blocks ACh so there is no firing of nerves

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Flacid paralysis of short nerves, blurred vision, cardiac and respiratory failure (adult)

Wasting away (infants)

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t(x): *antitoxin, penicillin

Clostridium tetani

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Look like tennis rackets

Heat-labile taxon (make vaccine!)
Causes constant firing of the nerves

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Paralysis, cardiac ; respiratory failure, risus sardoniscus ("smile"), trismus (pulled back), opisthotonos (seizure of all muscles)

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t(x): Non-immunized - antobodies; immunized - toxoid

Clostridium difficile

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Normal flora - opportunist
Highly drug resistant

Toxin A: enterotoxin - secretion of fluids

Toxin B: cytotoxin - kills cells

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Loose, watery diarrhea

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t(x): Antitoxin

Clostridum perfringens

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large, rectangular, hemolytic cultues

Has lecithinase to break down membranes

Has B-hemolysin (clear), collagenase, hyaluronidase, DNAase, protease

enterotoxin: reverses H2O reabsorption -; diarrhea

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t(x): Penicillin, fluid ; electrolytes

Clostridium perfringens

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Enteres through wounds

Lecithinase, B-hemolysin, collagenase, hyaluronidase, DNAase, protease

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Necrosis, edema, and gas from tissue break down

Pain, necrosis, shock, RF, death, crepitis, cellulitis, fascitis

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t(x): penicllin, amputation

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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Due to exotoxin, lethal in 24-48 hours (small amount - nerve paralysis, large - HF)
TOXIN NOT MADE IN HIGH IRON

Grows well on tellurite

Can colonize wounds in tropical climates

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Acute febrile infection of URT, enlarged lymphnodes, inflammed throat, pseudomembrane cells in abck of throat

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t(x): Penicillin

Listeria spp.

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From cattle to humans

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Headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance, convulsions

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t(x): penicllin

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Entery ; exit through respiratory route

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Localized: pneumonia, granuloma lesions, high mortality

Systemic: lymphatic spread, granuloma at site, any tissue except muscles

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Primary (exudative): one lesion; Reactivated: multiple lesions

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t(x): Isoniazid, ethambutamol, rifampin, streptomycin

Mycobacterium leprae

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Binds to epithelail and nerve cells

Lepromatous type: progressive, slow, nodular lesions

Tuberculoid: non-progressive, macular lesions

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Digit loss, nerve damage, hypothermia of skin

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t(x): Isoniazid, ethambutamol, rifampin, streptomycin

Neisseria meningitidis

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Survives inside phagocytes of CSF

Releases endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) while alive (exception to the rule!)

attaches to M-cells with pili

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Chills, fever, malaise, headache THEN hedache, vomiting, fever, papilledema, nuchal rigidity, convulsions, coma, petechiae, purpura, purple spots on skin

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t(x): tetracycline

Neisseria meningitidis

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high mortality

sudden onset (24 hours)

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High fever, chills, myalgia, weakness, N;V, restlessness, destruction of adrenal glands

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t(x): tetracycline

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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IgA protease (breaks down IgA); lipopolysaccharide endotoxin

Protein I - makes holes in membranes

Protein II - forms colonies

Penicillin resistant

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Males: purulent discharge, abscess, epididimitis, prostatis

Females:asymptomatic, discharge, pain, ascending infection, sterility

All: fever, arthritis, pustular rash, conjunctivitis (neonate)

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t(x): tetracycline

Salmonella spp.

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N;V, diarrhea, fever, cramping, myalgia, headache

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t(x): antiinflammatory (aspirin, NSAID)

Salmonella typhi

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Grows in intestines

Lymphoid hyperplasia

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N;V, diarrhea, fever, cramping, myalgia, headache

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t(x): antiinflammatory (aspirin, NSAID)

B. recurrentis
Spirochaete

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Carried by ticks (rodent reservoir) and louse (human reservoir)

Cannot develop immunity

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t(x): tetracycline

L. interrogans

Salmonella

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Excreted in urine
Enters through cuts

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Acute phase: fever, headache, nausea, myalgia

Immune phase: meningitis

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t(x): doxycycline

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T. pallidum

;

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Antibodies made but not good for future infection

d(x): breakdown products of cells (cardiolipin, VDRL)

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Primary: outbreak at site of contant, diappears

Secondary: rash elsewhere on skin

Tertiary: any part of body less muscle

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t(x): penicillin

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B. burgdorferi

Spirochaete

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Carried by hard shelled ticks

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Red skin lesion (macule/papule), malaise, fatigue, headache, fever, chills

Chronic: irreversible neurologic, cardiac, and rheumatic damage

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t(x): penicillin

Staphylococcus aureus

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Inflammation of intervertebral discs

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Back pain

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t(x): vancomycin, surgery

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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Redness, swelling

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t(x): vancomycin

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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Burning, itching, irritation, blood in urine

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t(x): vancomycin

Staphylococcus H-influenzae

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cough, fever, SOB, secretions, malaise, flu-like symptoms

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t(x): vancomycin

Staphylococcus aureus

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Splitting of skin (looks like sunburn)

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t(x): vancomycin

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Staphylococcus aureus

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Enterotoxin made at room temperature

Can cause FP even if microbe is killed (toxin)

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N,V,;D; abdominal pain

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t(x): vancomycin

Staphylococcus aureus

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From enterotoxin

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Organ failure, hypotension, weakness

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t(x): vancomycin

Streptococcus agalactiae

(GBS)

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In animals (commonly cows)

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Infection of udder, decreased milk production

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t(x): penicillin

Streptococcus pygoenes

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Sore throat, fever, headache, edema of pharynx

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t(x): penicillin

Streptococcus pyogenes

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sore throat, fever, headache, erythema of pharynx

Strawberry red tongue (exotoxin)

Pin-point peticial hemorrhage (erythogenic toxin)

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t(x): penicillin

Streptococcus pyogenes

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Rash IN skin

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t(x): penicillin

Streptococcus pyogenes

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Epidermolytic toxin

Carried in fish

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Skin peels/shreds like sunburn

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t(x): penicillin

Streptococcus pyogenes

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"Childbirth fever"; carried by physicians

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Ruptured membranes of genital tract

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t(x): penicillin

Streptococcus pyogenes

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Lethal in hours

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Swelling of Brain

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t(x): penicillin

Streptococcus pyogenes

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Abscess behind ear, sore throat

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t(x): penicillin

Streptococcus pyogenes

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Grows rapidly (lots of enzymes)

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"flesh eating"

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t(x): amputation

Streptococcus pyogenes

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Secondary invasion

No toxin, no immunity gained

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Red skin, advancing thick line (bacteria are here)

Septicemia

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t(x): penicillin

Streptococcus pyogenes

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Makes cardiotoxins and causes Aschoff bodies

Body develops antigens to damaged tissues (autoimmune)

Irreversible damage

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t(x): none, prevent other infections with penicillin

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Small chains or pairs (diplococci)

Immunogenic capsule

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No coughing

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t(x): penicillin, erythromycin