216 – Microbiology – Flashcards
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| Spirochetes |
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| helical, flexible; motile-periplas flagellum ex) Treponemia Pellidum - Syphillis & Barrelia burgdorferi - Lyme's disease |
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| aerobic/microaerophilic helical or vibroid |
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| gram negative, comma-shaped to spiral; typically motile & flagella ex) Compyloberter jejuni - food bourne diarheal, spiral & Helicobacter pylori - peptic ulcers, spiral ; Vibrio cholerae - comma-shaped |
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| - ; rods & cocci |
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| G _ & aerobic ___________; everywhere in nature ex) Legionella pneumophila - pneunomia like ; Burdetella pertussis - whopping cough ; Neisseria meningiditis ; Neisseria gonorhoue - gonorrhea ; Psuedamonas aeruginosa - infect of burn wounds |
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| facutatively ; - |
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| ____________anerobic G__ rods if motile=peritrichous flagellum; cmnly found in intestinal tract & environment ex) Escherichia coli - UTI, pneunomia ; Salmonella - food-bourne, typhoid fever ; Shigella - lack of fl from diarrhea ; Enterobacter aerogenes - UTI, breathing tubes (opportunistic) |
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| anaerobic ; - |
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| ________ g___ rods (straight, curved, helical) motile/immotile; live in intestinal track of humans/animals ex)Fusobacterium - oral cavity ; Bacteroides - opportunistic |
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| cocci |
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| anerobic g- _____; pairs in mouth, intestine, vagina ex) Veillonella - dental caries, gingivitis |
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| Rickettsias & Chlamydias |
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| very small G-, usually rods; typically req host for replication |
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| Rickettsias |
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| req arthroped & vertebrate host ex) R Rickettsii - Rocky Mntn Spotted fever ; R prowazecki & R typhi - typhus (tick bourne) |
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| Chlamydias |
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| uniq lifestyle (reticulate body --> elementary body) ex) C trachomatis - eye infect ; C pneunomia ; C psittaci - original host |
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| mycoplasmas & ureaplasmas |
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| pleomorphic; resistant to Penicillin, cephaeospirins, yanconycin & any other antibiotic that inhibs cell wall synthesis; smallest fine-bacteria ex) M pneunomia - typical pneunomia ; M genitalium - urithritis ; M haminis - pelvic inflam |
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| + cocci |
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| G_ _____ ; anaerobe & aerobe ex) Micrococcus ; Staph aureus ; Strep pyogens ; Strep pneunomia ; Staph epideimidis (opportunistic) |
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| Micrococcus |
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| normally found on skim (forms tetrad); not harmful on skim, only if infection goes inside; opportunistic ; MRSA |
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| Strep pyogens |
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| strep throat, scarlet fever, & empentigo |
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| + |
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| endospore forming; g_ rods & cocci; highest level of disinfection & sterilization; antibiotics will stop new toxins in Clostridiums ex) Baccilus anthracis ; B cereus - food poisoning ; Clostridium tetani ; C botulinum ; C perfringens ; C difficile |
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| tetanis |
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| all muscles contract at once @ a point (spastic paralysis) |
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| Clostridium tetani |
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| causes tentani ; "lock jaw" ; deep wound created by dirty environment |
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| G+ & R- no endospores |
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| oblig & fac anaerobes ex) Listeria mytocytogenes - listeriosis (why pregnant women shouldn't eat raw meats = mental retardation, spontaneous abortion) |
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| + |
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| fac anaerobes; unusual g__ rods ex) Actinomyces - opp., skin, bld, in environemnt ; Carynebacterium diptheriae - dyptheria, blocks breathing ; Proprianibacterium acnes - acne ; Nocardiforms ; Streptomyces - natural source for MOST antibiotics ; Methanogenes - root canal infects. |
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| Streptomyces |
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| natural source for most antibiotics we use 2day |
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| capsid |
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| protein shell, encoded by viral genome; helical, icosahedral, complex ; may have spikes |
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| nucleic acid |
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| inside capside; dsDNA, ssDNA, ssRNA, dsRNA ; linear or circular |
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| virion |
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| fully established viral particle |
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| envelope |
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| phospholipid memb surounding nucleocapsids |
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| viral multiplication |
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| occurs w.i host cell; req host metabolic machines = obligate intracellular parasite |
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| absorption |
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| 1. attach 2 host cell mediated by tail fibers spikes viral glycoproteins embedded in envelope |
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| penetration |
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| 2. virus or nucleocapsid enters host cells, occurs by engulfment or fusion |
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| uncoating |
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| 3. rel of viral NA into host cell |
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| replication |
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| 4. synthesis (viral protein) & replication of virus (NA) |
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| do not |
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| Viruses that (do/donot?) have envelop are more suseptible to environment |
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| Abortive infection |
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| VIRAL: virus effects a non-permissable(not appropriate replication of virus) cell; non-productive |
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| Lytic infection |
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| VIRAL: permissive cell infected replication cycle can be completed; kills host cell |
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| Persistent infection |
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| VIRAL: permissive cell=cycle complete; if it kills host cell its req a long time (4types:chronic, latent, slow, transforming) |
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| chronic infection |
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| Type of Persistent: -very, slow viral production; does not lead to lytic infection |
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| latent infection |
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| Type of Persistent: -virus is relatively dormant; no viral synthesis |
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| slow infection |
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| Type of Persistent: -virus that has prolong incubation period; disease progression over years, end w/ extensive cell damage & disease (HIV, some Hepatitis) |
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| transforming infection |
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| Type of Persistent: -oncogenic virus may/may not be produced; host cells turns cancerous (1. immortal 2. can't control replication) |
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| morphological effects aka. Cytopathic effects |
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| Host Cell Damage: -altered cell shape, could detach from tissue, lysis, memb fusion (causes giant cell formation), alter memb permeability |
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| apoptosis |
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| formation of cell death, "cell suicide", cell implodes |
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| physiological effects |
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| Host Cell Damage: -alter cellular activity, changes in immunogenity |
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| Biochemical effects |
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| Host Cell Damage: -specifically on metabolism |
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| Genotoxic effects |
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| Host Cell Damage: -damage to DNA->mutations->change activities of cell OR cancer OR kill cell |
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| DNA viruses |
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| viruses w/ DNA genome |
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| adenovirus |
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| DNA virus: -able to survive in environment 4 ext. periods; USU, respiratory; might cause conjunctivitis, cystitus, rashes |
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| cystitus |
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| inflamation of bladder |
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| hepadma virus |
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| DNA Virus: -cause hepatitis(animals&humans), have envelope(xtra piece of memb from last infection) |
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| Hep B |
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| Hepatitis __ is longer lasting |
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| Herpesvirus |
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| DNA Virus: -contains HSV I & II, varicella zoster, Epstein Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus, dangerous in children, usually resp., human herpes 6,7,8 |
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| 1.Papillomavirus & 2.Polyomavirus |
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| DNA Virus: -1. causes warts, tied to cervical cancer, easily spread (HPV) -2. similar |
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| -oma- |
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| uncontrolled cell generation |
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| Parvovirus |
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| DNA Virus: -smallest DNA virus; contagious errythema infectiosum(5th disease, skin rash particularly on face) |
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| Pox virus |
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| DNA Virus: -largest DNA virus, incredibly body disfiguring; contained Variola, Molloscum contagiosim, Vacinium |
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| Bunya virus |
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| RNA Virus: -Zoonosis; most are transmitted to humans by anthropods; Hantavirus, excreted in mic urine & feces = Hemoragic Pulmonary Syndrome |
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| Zoonosis |
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| infection in animal but transmitted to human |
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| arthropods |
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| tics & fleas |
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| Corona virus |
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| RNA Virus: -resp & enteric disease; 2nd most cmn cause to cold, SARS |
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| SARS |
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| severe, acute, resp syndrome |
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| hepatitus viruses |
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| infect & destroy liver |
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| Orthomyxo virus; dangerous, viralent |
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| RNA Virus: -includes inflecting A, B, & C type viruses; significant disease w/ type A & B, C = most _______ & A = most ______ |
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| Paramyxo viruses |
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| Measles, Mumps, resp synctyial virus (RSV) |
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| Picorna virus |
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| RNA Virus: -smallest (pico) RNA virus; include entero virus(Polivirus), rhinovirus(most cmn 4 cold) |
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| Rhabdo virus |
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| RNA Virus: -rabies bullet ("rhabdo") |
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| Retro virus |
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| HIV has RNA--(host cell)-->DNA =goes back ("retro) |
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| Reo virus |
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| RNA Virus: -resp. enteric orphans virus; Rotavirus |
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| Rota virus |
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| RNA Virus: -A Reo virus; is diarrheal, little kids often ahve it, infants need hospitalized for fluids |
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| Toga virus |
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| RNA Virus: -infectious arthritis, cephalitis, rashes; Rubivirus-->Rebella |
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| 1. Rubivirus; 2. Rebella |
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| RNA Virus: -Toga virus; 1. red rash --> 2. agent of German measles |
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| Flavi virus |
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| RNA Virus: -yellow fever (tropical), Denque fever(tropical), & Hep C |
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| Hepatitus delta virus, Flavi virus, Hepadna virus |
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| 3 viruses that cause hepatitis? |
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| subviral agents |
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| all unusual infections agent |
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| viroid |
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| Subviral Agent: -genome of single, stranded RNA in circle; plant pathogens |
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| virusoids |
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| Subviral Agents: -RNA genomes, replicate in host cell cytoplasm, req host cell already infected w/ helper virus; Hepatitus delta virus (satellite virus)-> Hep B (host); much more dangerous w/ satellite cell |
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| Prions |
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| Subviral Agents: -scariest of all; proteinacious infectous particles, exist as normal proteins in animal tissue, can bcome abnormally folded (clumps up & block function of brain) -> infectious thru mouth |
