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"Prehistory" may be defined as that period prior to

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written records

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The first civilizations appeared

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on the banks of rivers

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The term Paleolithic is used interchangeably with the term

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Old Stone Age

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Research into the origins or writing suggest that written signs derived from

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markings on clay tokens

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One of the earliest landmarks was

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cave-painting

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The world's oldest clay vessels appear to have come from

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Japan

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The principal difference between the humanism of Italy and that Northern Europe was the greater ___________ emphasis of the letter

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religious

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The landmark significance of the Protestant Reformation was the fact that it

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shattered the religious unity of Western Christendom

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Luther posted his landmark Ninety-Five Theses on a cathedral door in

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Wittenberg

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Luther asserted that the key to salvation was

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faith

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Protestant reformers objected to all of the following EXCEPT

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reading the Bible in the vernacular

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The master printmaker of the 16th century was

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Durer

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The city in which Calvin established a theocratic state was

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Geneva

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"The Black Death" describes the pandemic caused by

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bubonic plague

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Of the Black Death, it is correct to say that it

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took the lives of at least one third of Europe's population

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The Magna Carta was significant in

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the rise of constitutional monarchy in England

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The Hundred Years' War was instigated by

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English claims to French lands and the French crown

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The English withdrew from France, ending the Hundred Years' War, after facing a revitalized French army under the leadership of

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Joan of Arc

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Ars nova is the name given to

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expressive new musical style of the 14th century

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"The Great Schism" refers to the

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rivalry between 2 contesting popes

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The interdict of excommunication were methods by which

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the Church maintained its authority

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The sacraments by which medieval Christians hoped to receive the grace of God

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were codified by an early 13th century church council

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According to medieval Catholic teachings, what was the intermediate realm where Christians were punished for repented sins that had not been expiated before their deaths?

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Purgatory

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"Christendom" refers to the

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Christian community of the Middle Ages

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The most important of the 7 sacraments and central ritual of the Mass is

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the Eucharist

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According to Hildegard, the visions that she recorded in Scivias came to her from

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a voice from Heaven

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Which of the following was NOT essential to the medical synthesis?

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Chinese culture

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The landmark literature of the Germanic tribes took the form

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epics

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The Battle of Adrianople was a landmark event that

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opened the door to the Germanic invasion of the West

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The landmark event known as the Battle of Hastings is famously recorded in

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The Bayeux Tapestry

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The interlace designs of the Book of Kells are most similar to the patterns

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on metalwork artifacts from Germanic graves

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Among the most numerous and impressive landmarks of the Carolingian renaissance were

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illuminated manuscripts in more legible script

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Which of the following four regions is NOT generally regarded as one based on divine revelation

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Buddhism

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The Hebrew claim to Canaan begins with the biblical story of

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Abraham

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After their Exodus from Egypt, the Hebrews retook Canaan by defeating the

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Philistines

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Which cultural landmark was attributed to King David

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the Psalms

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The earliest of the Gospels was written

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at least forty years after the death of Jesus

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The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible are known as the

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Torah

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Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations arose in

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the Aegean Sea

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The so-called "Heroic Age" refers to the era that produced

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the Greek epics

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The word "Hellenic" means

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Greek

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The gods of ancient Greece were

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all these answers are correct

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The word "marathon" derives from

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news of a Greek military victory over the Persians

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The origins of Greek drama are probably found in

answer

religious celebrations

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