Anatomy Skeletal System Vocabulary – Flashcards
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Axial skeleton
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The bones of the skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum
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Appendicular Skeleton
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Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton
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Compact Bone
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Bone tissue that is dense and looks smooth and homogeneous
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Spongy Bone
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Bone tissue composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space
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Diaphysis
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Makes up most of the bone's length and is composed of compact bone
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Epiphysis
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Ends of a long bone
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Periosteum
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Fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers and protects the diaphysis
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Osteocytes
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Mature bone cells which are found in tiny cavities within the matrix
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Haversian Canals
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Where the lacunae are arranged in concentric circles called lamellae
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Ossification
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The process of bone formation
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Epiphyseal Plate
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Provides for longitudinal growth of the long bones during childhood
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Fracture
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Breaks in the bones
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Hermatoma
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Blood-filled swelling caused when blood vessels are ruptured when the bone breaks
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Foramen
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The base of the occipital bone
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Sinus
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Drains into nasal passages
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Frontal
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Bone of skull that forms forehead
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Parietal
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Paired bone of skull that form most of the superior and lateral walls of the cranium on the side of the head
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Occipital
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Bone of skull that forms back of cranium
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Temporal
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Paired bones of skull that are over your temples
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Maxillae
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the two fused bones forming the upper jaw
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Mandible
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lower jaw bone
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Zygomatic bone
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the arch of bone beneath the eye that forms the prominence of the cheek
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Hyoid bone
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a U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue muscles
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Fontanels
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Fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones
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Vomer
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thin trapezoidal bone of the skull forming the posterior and inferior parts of the nasal septum
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Sternum
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the flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs
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Xyphoid Process
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The lower part of the sternum that project downward to the point where the sternum meets the lower ribs.
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Manubrium
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the upper part of the breastbone
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Jugular Notch
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Notch in top center of manubrium of sternum
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True Ribs
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top 7 pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilage
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False Ribs
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last 5 pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to sternum or do not attach at all
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Floating Ribs
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last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to sternum
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Vertebrate
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animals having a bony or cartilaginous skeleton with a segmented spinal column and a large brain enclosed in a skull or cranium
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Intervertebral Disks
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Cartilage (Fibrocartilage) between vertebrate which cushions and adds flexibility
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Cervical Vertebrate
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Form neck region of the sojne
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Atlas
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the 1st cervical vertebra
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Axis
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the 2nd cervical vertebra; acts as a pivot for the rotation of the atlas
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Thoracic vertebrae
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second set of 12 vertebrae; they articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine
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Lumbar vertebrae
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third set of five larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of the spine
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Sacrum
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wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae forming the posterior part of the pelvis
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Coccyx
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the end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apes
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Clavicle
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bone linking the scapula and sternum
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Scapulae
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shoulder blades
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Humerus
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bone extending from the shoulder to the elbow
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Radius
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the outer and slightly shorter of the two bones of the human forearm
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Ulna
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the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm
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Carpal bones
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bones of the wrist
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Metacarpals
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Bones in the palm of the hand
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Phalanges
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bones of the fingers and toes
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Femur
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the longest and thickest bone of the human skeleton; extends from pelvis to knee
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Tibia
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the inner and thicker of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
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Fibula
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the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
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Tarsal bones
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ankle bones
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Talus
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the bone in the ankle that articulates with the leg bones to form the ankle joint
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Calcaneus
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heel bone
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Metatarsals
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Forms sole of foot
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Phalanges
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Bones of fingers and toes
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Ilium
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the upper and widest of the three bones making up the hipbone
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Iliac crest
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Anatomical landmark; hip bone
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Ischium
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Forms most inferior part of the coxal bone; what you sit on
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Pubis
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The most anterior part of a coxal bone
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Acetabulum
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the cup-shaped hollow in the hipbone into which the head of the femur fits to form a ball-and-socket joint
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Sacroiliac joint
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Large flaring bone that forms most of the hip bone
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Pubic symphysis
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cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones fuse together
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False Pelvis
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Superior to the true pelvis; area medial to the flaring portions of the ilia
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True Pelvis
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Surrounded by bone and lies inferior to the flaring parts of the ilia and the pelvic brim
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Pubic arch
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Inverted V-shaped arch inferior to pubic symphysis. Over 90° in females, and about 60° in males.
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Synarthroses
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immovable joints
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Amphiarthroses
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slightly movable joints
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Diarthroses
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freely movable joints
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Fibrous joints
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Fibrous tissues connect bone to bone
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Cartilaginous joints
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Have no joint cavity, Bones held together by cartilage. Examples are growth plates, disks between vertebrae and the pelvic symphysis
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Synovial joints
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bone ends separated by joint cavity w/synovial fluid; i.e knee
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Bursae
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flattened fibrous sacs lined w/synovial membrane, contains synovial fluid; common where things rub together
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Plane (gliding) joints
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least moveable - side to side only, ex: intercarpal and intertarsal joints, between vertebrae
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Hinge joints
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Allows movement in 2 directions only; Flexion(bending), Extensions (straightening).
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Pivot joint
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a freely moving joint in which movement is limited to rotation
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Ball and socket joint
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spherical head of one bone fits into a round socket in another; i.e. shoulder
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Osteoarthritis
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chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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a chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of the joints and marked deformities
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Gouty arthritis
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a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints
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Osteoporosis
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abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium
