algebra 1 vocabulary – Flashcards
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absolute value
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The distance that a number is from zero on the number line
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coefficient
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The numerical factor when a term has a variable
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constant
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a quantity that does not vary
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counterexample
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an example that shows a conjecture is false
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equation
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a mathematical sentence with an equal sign
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expression
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a mathematical phrase that contains operations, numbers, and/or variables
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evaluate
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substituting a given number for each variable
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inequality
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A statement that compares two quantities using , ≤,≥, or ≠
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integers
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Whole numbers and their opposites
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irrational numbers
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numbers that cannot be expressed in the form a/b, where a and b are integers and b =0.
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like terms
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terms with exactly the same variable factors in a variable expression
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natural numbers
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The set of numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ... Also called counting numbers.
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opposites
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two numbers that are the same distance from zero on a number line, but are in opposite directions. (-2 and 2)
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real numbers
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the set of numbers that includes rational and irrational numbers.
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simplify
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to write an expression in a simpler form
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term
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a number, a variable, or the product of a number and a variable
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variable
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a symbol (like x or y) that is used in mathematical or logical expressions to represent a variable quantity
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whole number
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The set of numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,....
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subtraction
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adding the opposite
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base
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the number or expression that is used as a factor in a repeated multiplication
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exponent
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a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself
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prime
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a number that has no factor but itself and 1
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reciprocals
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two numbers whose product is 1
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coordinate plane
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A plane formed by the intersection of a horizontal number line called the x-axis and a vertical number line called the y-axis
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quadrents
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the four regions into which the x-axis and the y-axis that seperate the coordinate plane.
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identity
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An equation that is true for every value of the variable
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solution
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a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem
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inverse operations
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operations that undo each other
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consecutive integers
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integers that increase or decrease incrementally by 1
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mean
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an average of n numbers computed by adding some function of the numbers and dividing by some function of n
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median
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The middle number in a set of numbers that are listed in order
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mode
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The number that occurs most often in a set of data
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range
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The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a set of data
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composite numbers
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a whole number greater than 1 that has more than two factors
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factors
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Numbers that are multiplied together to get a product
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linear equation
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graph is a line/degree 1 equation
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veritcal angles
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A pair of opposite angles formed when two lines meet at a point
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solution of an inequality
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a number that produces a true statement when it is substituted for the variable in the inequality
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compound inequality
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Two or more inequalities joined together by "and" or "or"
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isoceles triangle
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a triangle that has at least 2 congruent sides
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scalene triangle
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a triangle with no two sides of equal length
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equilateral triangle
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a triangle with three congruent sides
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absolute value equation
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a v-shaped graph that points upward or downward
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ratio
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a comparison of two numbers by division
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rate
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A ratio that compares two quantities measured in different units
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unit rate
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a rate that has a denominator of 1
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proportion
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an equation that states that two ratios are equal
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similar figures
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figures that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size
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theoretical probablility
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The calculated chance that something will happen based on the number of ways possible
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experimental probability
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Probability based on data from repeating an event (doing an experiment)
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relation
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A set of ordered pairs
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function
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a relation where each number in the domain is paired with exactly one number in the range.
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domain
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the set of first coordinates of the ordered pairs of a relation.
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range
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y values
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function notation
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to write a rule in function notation, you use the symbol f(x) in place of y
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conjecture
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A conclusion based on guesswork or insufficient evidence
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direct variation
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an equation of the form y=kx, where k does not equal 0
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constant of variation
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what the k is in the equation y = kx
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independent variable
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The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
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dependent variable
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the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
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direct variation
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a function in the form y=kx where k=0
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constant of variation
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k is the coefficient of x. The variables y and x are said to vary directly with each other
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inductive reasoning
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making conclusions based on patterns you observe
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sequence
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number pattern
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term
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each number in a sequence
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arithmetic sequence
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adding a fixed number to each previous term
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common difference
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the fixed number added to each previous term
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conjecture
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the conclusion you reach by inductive reasoning
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rate of change
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the relationship between two quantities that are changing, this is also slope
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y intercept
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where the line crosses the y axis
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linear equation
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an equation whose graph is a line.
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slope intercept form
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y=mx+b
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standerd form of a linear equation
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a linear equation of the form ax+by=c, where a,b,and c are real number constants and a and b do not equal 0.
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x intercept
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x coordinate of a point where a graph crosses the x axis/ y coordinate of this point is zero
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point slope form
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y-y₁=m(x-x₁)
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parallel lines
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lines in the same plane that never intersect
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perpendicular lines
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Two lines that intersect to form right angles
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line of best fit
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trend line that shows the realationship between two sets of data
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correlation coeficiant
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tells you how closely the equation models the data
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absolute value equation
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a V-shaped graph that points upward or downward
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translation
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a shift of a graph horizontally, vertically, or both
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slope
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the steepness of a line
