AP Human Geography Unit 2: Migration vocab – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Activity Space
answer
the space within which daily activity occurs
question
Amnesty
answer
a pardon, granted forgiveness for a past action
question
Asylum seeker
answer
someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee
question
Bracero Program
answer
(spanish for manual labor) skilled mexican labor sent over to US during World War II to support the work force
question
brain drain
answer
large scale emigration by talented/intelligent/skilled people
question
chain migration
answer
migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there
question
circulation
answer
short term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that reoccur on a regular basis (college student going to school in Fall and returning in the spring)
question
colonization
answer
the establishment or settlement of a colony in a new area connected to the parent country
question
cotton belt
answer
Southern US states where cotton is grown (NC, GA, MS, AL)
question
counter migration
answer
a migration in the opposite direction (refugees returning home)
question
counterurbanization
answer
net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries
question
critical distance
answer
the distance beyond which cost, effort, and means strongly influence willingness to travel.
question
cyclic movement
answer
movement away from home for a short period (summer home, commuting over 100 miles per day, nomadism)
question
deportation
answer
the lawful expulsion of an undocumented immigrant
question
diaspora
answer
the spreading of a certain effect of something or a culture/race/ethnicity/religion
question
distance decay
answer
weighs into the decision to migrate leading many migrants to move less far away than they originally contemplated due to distance.
question
emigration
answer
migration OUT of a location (leaving)
question
floodplain
answer
the area subject to flooding during a given number of years, according to historical trends
question
forced migration
answer
means that the migrant has been compelled to move, especially by political or environmental factors. Like slaves and refugees who don't have a choice.
question
genocide
answer
the systematic elimination of all of, or the majority of any racial, ethnic, cultural, or national group
question
guest workers
answer
a term once used for a worker who migrates from a country and allowed to fill a labor in need, assuming the workers will go "home" once the labor need subsides. They are granted short term work visas, and send remittances to home country
question
gravity model
answer
Interaction between places depends on the population size and the distance between places. Migration increases as the size and importance of places becomes greater + decreases as the distance between them grows
question
hollow core
answer
migration from the center of Mexico outward due to lack of work
question
human trafficking
answer
a type of forced migrations, a black market, involuntary domestic servitude
question
immigration
answer
migration to a NEW location (coming into new country)
question
immigration laws
answer
laws and regulation of a state designed specifically to control immigration into the state
question
immigration wave
answer
significant trends or patterns of immigration throughout history caused by environmental/political factors or forced immigration (Atlantic slave trade)
question
In-migration
answer
entering a country. Usually North America, Europe, and Oceania
question
Intercontinental migration
answer
movement across an ocean or to a different continent
question
international migration
answer
permanent move from one country to another
question
Internally displaced people (IDP)
answer
Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border
question
Internal migration
answer
permanent move within the same country
question
Interregional migration
answer
movement from one country of a region to another country of a different region. Usually from rural to urban areas in search of jobs.
question
Intervening obstacle
answer
an environmental or political feature that hinders migration
question
Intervening opportunity
answer
at one of the steps along the migration path, pull factors encourage the migrant to settle there instead of the original destination
question
intraregional migration
answer
movement within one region, within urban areas from older cities to newer suburbs
question
kingship links
answer
family links, people want to follow where their family has gone to reunite
question
laws of migration
answer
Developed by British demographer Ernst Ravenstein, 5 laws that predict the flow of migrants
question
maladaptation
answer
when adapting to a new, different area, there are some cultural barriers/adversity that one must overcome
question
migration
answer
a form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new location
question
migration selectivity
answer
a place is selective by pull factors such as health and disease, water, resources, climate and push factors like famine, drought, crop failure, poor medical care, natural disasters, poverty
question
migration transition
answer
A change in migration patterns in a society that results from industrialization, population growth and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition
question
mobility
answer
all types of movement between location
question
nomadism
answer
when someone has no permanent abode, moves place to place, often follows a traditional seasonal route
question
net migration/net-migration rate
answer
the difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration.
question
periodic movement
answer
movement away from home for a longer period (at least 1/2 a year) migrant labor, college years, military service, residential relocation, pastoral farming
question
personal space
answer
the surrounding area over which a person makes a claim to territorial privacy
question
place utility
answer
the usefulness of a good or service as a function of the location at which it is made available
question
pull factors
answer
a factor that induces people to move to a new location
question
push factors
answer
a factor that induces people to leave old residences
question
quotas
answer
in reference to migration, laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country without proper documents to do so during a one-year period
question
Ernst Ravenstein
answer
19th Century geographer/cartographer who came up with a set list of "laws" or observations for distance, reasons, and characteristics for migration
question
refugees
answer
people who are forced to migrate from their home country to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights, or other disasters and cannot return for fear of persecution because their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political group
question
remittances
answer
Migrants hope to reach economic opportunities in order to send money back home to their relatives
question
repatriation
answer
a returning person (prisoner of war, refugee) who is sent back to their home country
question
return migration
answer
when immigrants return to their home country
question
rural urban migration
answer
permanent movement from rural and suburb areas to the urban city area
question
rust belt
answer
urban areas in the northeast, and mid-west marked by concentration of old, declining industries such as steel and textiles
question
selective immigration
answer
a place is selective by pull factors such as health and disease, water, resources, climate
question
space -time prism
answer
the volume of space and length of time within our activities must be confined
question
spacial interaction
answer
the flow of goods, people, services, or information across space and among places
question
step migration
answer
When a migrant follows the path of a series of stages, or steps toward a final destination **intervening opportunity may occur at one of the steps along the way
question
sun belt
answer
southern/southwestern region of the US (florida)
question
time-contract workers
answer
AKA a guest worker, immigrants who have temporary working visas.
question
transhumance
answer
seasonal migration of livestock and the people who tend to them from the lowlands to the mountain range
question
transmigration
answer
the government required relocation of people away from overpopulated core regions to less crowded areas. (Indonesia has a policy of moving people out of Java)
question
unauthorized immigrants
answer
people who enter a country without proper documents to do so
question
undocumented immigration
answer
a form of illegal immigration because of lack of proper documentation or expired documentation
question
voluntary migration
answer
implies that the migrant has chosen to move weighing push and pull factors, especially for economic improvement
question
xenophobia
answer
intense or irrational fear/dislike of people from other countries
