Ancient India & China – Flashcards
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Name the 2 main religions in Ancient India
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Buddhism, & Hinduism
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True or False, Hinduism has a founder
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False, Hinduism cannot be traced to a particular persons ideas
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What was Hinduism a blend of
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Aryan traditions and the religious beliefs of nations conquered by the Aryans
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Vedas =
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sacred texts in which the Aryans preserved their religious beliefs
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What did the Vedas and the Upanishads tell the Hindus
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the basic truths about life, and the place of the individual in the universe
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brahma =
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a single supreme force uniting everything in the universe
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Do Hindu's believe in G-d if so a single G-d or many gods
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yes. many gods
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Confucius:
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One of ancient china's most influential philosophers, Kongfuzi was the founder of Confucianism, He was mainly influenced by the political turmoil of times he lived in and believed the havoc was due to rulers governing poorly. Confucius believed that people were good in essence but need to be taught how to behave properly.
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Han feizi:
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Legalisms' most prominent writer, helped in the developing of the doctrine of Legalism born into the ruling aristocracy
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Laozi
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Essentially the founder of Daosim, the philosophy based on his teachings. The basic goal of which was to live in harmony with nature, following Dao, or "the way."
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Shi Huangdi
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Emperor during the short lasting Qin dynasty. Turned ancient China into one of the words greatest empires. Ended the Shang and Zhou way of governing and set up a central government. Created 36 districts each of which ruled by an appointed official.
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Fa-Hsien
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A Chinese Buddhist monk who travelled by foot all the way from China to India, visiting many sacred Buddhist sites in modern day Xinjiang, China, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri lanka
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Siddartha:
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Prince Siddartha Guatama was a member of the warrior caste, who left his wife children, and his protected, isolated life for one of deprivation. For years he lived ont he brink of starvation, until one day while meditating under a bodhi tree he became enlightened
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Dravidians
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Descendants of the Indus Valley civilization, they fought with the Aryans but eventually retreated and established kingdoms in the south. Those who stayed in the North were assimilated by the Aryans
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Aryans:
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Tall fair-skinned herders, originally nomadic, but devoted most of their energy to wars with other peoples. They used chariots in battle and were also skilled archers
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Alexander the Great
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a king of the Greek kingdom of Macedon. Invaded northern India, but after his death a new ruler emerged
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Chandragupta Maurya:
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ruled from 325-184 BCE, attacked and subdued the northern regions of India. Founded and led one of the most powerful and important dynasties in the ancient world, the Maurya dynasty
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Asoka
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Ruled from 273-232 BCE, the greatest f Maurya rulers appalled at the slaughter involved with uniting the kingdoms of India, Asoka became a faithful buddhist ad worked fro many years trying to make life better for his subjects.
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Chandragupta Maurya 1:
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Dreaming of recreating the glory and stability of the Maurya empire Chandragupta Maurya 1 established India's Golden age, The Gupta empire. After getting himself crowned Maharaja he started the decade an ½ gupta rule.
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Artifact =
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something made by humans
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Dynasties =
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a succession of rulers from the same family/bloodline
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Loess =
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A fine yellowed wind blown silt from northern China
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Legalism +=
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One of the 3 main philosophies believed that government was more important than the people and that it should be strong the only way to have an orderly society was by controlling the people and having strict laws and harsh punishments
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Chang Liang =
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a large river bigger than the huang he and easy to travel on for boats
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Huang He =
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river valley deposits silt and passes between dikes some call it "China's Sorrow"
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Shang =
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One of the first dynasties from 1650-1027 BCE controlled their territory politically and divided it into small regions posessed fine bronze weapons
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Tang =
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The golden age of china founded by a government official named Li Huan The tang made China a flourishing and cosmopolitan empire that was the envy of the world.
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Supernatural =
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above or beyond the natural
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Incantations =
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the chanting of words which have spiritual power
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Subcontinent =
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a large landmass seperated from a continent by geography
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Monsoons
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a seasonal wind
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Tropical =
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the hot climate typically near the equator from the tropic of cancer to the tropic of capricorn
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Archaeologists =
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one who studies historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures
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Nomadic =
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characteristic of peoples who travel from place to place according to the weather
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Caste =
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a social group limited to persons of the same rank
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Hindu =
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Having to do with Hinduism, Hinduism was brought to India with the Aryans and developed through contact with the Dravidians
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Tamil =
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a descendant of the dravidians
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Yogi =
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one who practises yoga a series of exercises that aid meditation
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Shrine =
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a holy place
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Cremated =
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burned
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Reincarnation =
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The Hindu idea of rebirth
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Vegetarianism =
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the practise of not eating meat
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Indus =
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One of the 3 major rivers in ancient India
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Aryan =
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Aryans were tall fair-skinned herders, originally nomadic, but devoted most of their energy to wars with other peoples. They used chariots in battle and were also skilled archers
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Maurya =
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a dynasty founded by Chandragupta Maurya lasted from 325-184 BCE One of the most powerful and important dynasties in the ancient world
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Gupta =
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India's golden age, founded by Chandragupta Maurya 1 great strides made in art science music and literature ruled the north but influenced communities far beyond it
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Ganges =
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India's largest river said to have the power to purify the faithful
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Hinduism =
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Major religion on India no known founder stems from Aryans and Dravidians Beliefs are call Dharma
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Buddhism =
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founded in India over 2500 years ago by Siddartha Gautama four noble truths middle way
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Atman =
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the larger universal soul
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Sikh =
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founded on the teachings of Guru Nanak began in 16th century believe there is only one G-d reject the caste system
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Artisan =
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someone who makes things
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Silk =
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cloth spun from fibres made by silkworms
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Philosopher
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one who searches for knowledge and wisdom
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Confucianism
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One of the three main Chinese philosophies 5 virtues: honest, upright, conscientious, charitable, and loving in all personal relationships
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Daoism =
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one of the 3 main Chinese philosophies based on teachings of Laozi basic goal was to live in harmony with nature
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describe the contributions of the Shang dynasty
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bronze chinese writing fine pottery silks
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What makes the Tang dynasty a golden age
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people were not worried about staying alive and therefore had more time to focus on the arts, culture, literature etc
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Outline the main beliefs of the three main Chinese philosophers
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Confucianism: Virtuous people were people who were : conscientious upright honest charitable and loving in all personal relationships everyone in society had duties and responsibilities Legalism: government is more important the the people strong not virtuous strict laws for punishment of crimes Daoism: goal was to live in harmony with nature the best kind of government was the government that governed the least
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How are the three main Chinese philosophies different
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punishment, belief in how people should be governed and treated, how people should behave
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In what ways did geography play a role in the development of Chinese civilization
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isolated from the rest of the world, they were able to develop without the influence of outsiders
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IN what ways did the technological developments made during the golden ages influence civilization
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they invented the first vaccinations which has lead to a billion dollar industry that saves millions of lives they also invented gun powder leading to the invention of guns another huge industry and element of modern combat
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How has religion influenced the development of civilization in India
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it is the birthplace of many large religions which attract many people to India to celebrate festivals and holy days many rulers became dedicated to religion thus shaping how they governed
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How has the geography of the indian subcontinent influenced people
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before the arrival of Europeans India was rarely threatened by invaders most of the time when India was controlled by another nation, the entire subcontinent was not always under control only parts
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Why is the Gupta empire considered to be Indias golden age
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because huge advancements were made in art science music and literature
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How have the mountains and rivers of the Indian subcontinent influenced the lives of the people
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isolated them from other nations
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In what ways do monsoons affect the people of India
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extreme temperature differences during the year life saving rains, cool dry winters, harsh summers
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Why is the climate of eastern India so different then that of the west coast
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monsoon change weather drastically as do the different environments that make up south asia
