question

Gilded Age (1860-1896)

answer

An Era of dramatic industrial and urban growth characterized by widespread political corruption and loose government oversight of corporations

question

tenements

answer

Shabby, low cost inner city apartment buildings that housed the urban poor in cramped, un ventilated apartments apartments

question

new immigrants

answer

Wave of newcomers from southern and eastern Europe including many Jews, who became a majority among immigrants to America after 1890

question

nativists

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Native-born Americans motivated by racial prejudice who blamed immigrants for social or economic problems and sought to restrict their access to Americ

question

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

answer

Federal law that barred Chinese laborers from immigrating to America

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Social Darwinism

answer

The application of Charles Darwin's theory of evolutionary natural selection to human society; Social Darwinists used the concept of "survival of the fittest" to justify class distinctions, explains poverty, and oppose government intervention in the economy

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patronage

answer

An informal system (sometimes called the "spoils system") used by the politicians to reward their supporters with government appointments or contracts

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party "boss"

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A powerful political leader who controlled a "machine" of associated and operatives to promote both individual and party interests, often used informal tactics such as intimidation or the patronage system

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civil service reform

answer

An extended effort led by political reformers to end the patronage system, led to the Pendleton Act (1883), which called for government jobs to be awarded based on merit rather than party loyalty

question

Mugwumps

answer

Reformers who bolted the Republican party in 1884 to support Democrat Glover Cleveland for president over Republican James G. Blaine, whose secret dealings on behalf of railroad companies had brought charges of corruption

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Interstate Commerce Commission

answer

An independent federal agency established in 1887 to oversee business engaged in interstate trade, especially railroads, but whose regulatory power was limited when tested in courts

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tariff reform (1887)

answer

Effort led by the Democratic party to reduce taxed on imported goods, which Republicans argued were needed to protect American industries from foreign competition

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Granger movement

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Began by offering social and educational activities for isolated farmers and their families and later started to promote "cooperatives" where farmers could join together to buy, store, and sell their crops to avoid the high fees charged by brokers and other middlemen

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Farmers' Alliances

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Like the Granger movement, these organizations sought to address the issues of small farming communities; however, Alliances emphasized more political action and called for the creation of a Third Party to advocate their concerns

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People's party or Populists

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Political party formed in 1892 following the success of Farmer's Alliance candidates; Populists advocated a variety of reforms, including free coinage of silver, a progressive income tax, postal savings banks, regulation of railroads and direct election of US senators

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Panic of 1893

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A major collaspe in the national economy after several major railroad companies declared bankruptcy, leading to a severe depression and several violent clashes between workers and management

question

"money question"

answer

Late nineteenth century national debate over the nature of U.S. currency; supporters of a fixed gold standard were generally money lenders, and thus preferred to keep the value of money high, while supporters of silver (and gold) coinage were debtors, they owed money, so they wanted to keep the value of money low by increasing the currency supply (inflation).

question

Darwin's On the Origin of Species is published

answer

1859

question

Construction of New York's Central Park begins

answer

1858

question

Otis Elevator Company installs the first electric elevator

answer

1889

question

Ellis Island, a federal center for processing immigrants, opens

answer

1892

question

Congress passes the Chinese Exclusion Act

answer

1882

question

Basketball is invented

answer

1891

question

Nativism included religious prejudice against all of the following except

answer

presbyterians

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You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns said

answer

William Jennings Bryan

question

After 1890s, most immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe

answer

True

question

After 1890, the new immigrants included all the following except

answer

Scots-Irish

question

After the Civil War, more people moved to the frontier than to cities

answer

False

question

All of the following are correct about the Sherman Anti Trust Act except that it

answer

set up the interstate commerce commissions

question

By 1900, nearly 30 percent of city dwellers were immigrant

answer

True

question

By 1900, the United States had more saloons than grocery stores

answer

True

question

Charles Darwin did not agree with Herbert Spencer's adaptation of his ideas to the human realm

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True

question

Civil service reform was a result of the assassination of President James A Garfield

answer

True

question

For recreation, the urban working class preferred

answer

going to saloons and dance halls

question

Herbert Spencer's disciple who popularized social Darwinism in America was

answer

William Graham Sumner

question

In 1882, Congress passed legislation to excluded immigrants from

answer

China

question

1890, 80 percent of New Yorkers were foreign born

answer

True

question

In the 1880s the source of foreign immigrations to the United States shifted from

answer

northwestern Europe to southeastern Europe

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Leslie F Ward stressed humankind's basic compassion

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True

question

Nativism was the belief that immigrants could, and should, be Americanized quickly

answer

False

question

Realism in literature and art was influenced by

answer

all of these: Recent fascination with science Horrors of civil war Rise of urban life

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Social Darwinism had its roots in the work of

answer

Herbert Spencer

question

The Democratic party appealed to southern white voters

answer

True

question

The Pendleton Act allowed for the coinage of more silver

answer

False

question

The Populist party fused with the Republican in the election of 1896 in an attempt to gain free and unlimited coinage of silver

answer

False

question

The Sherman Silver Purchased Act of 1890

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worried eastern business and financial groups

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The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1809 outlawed corporate action in restraint of trad

answer

False

question

The basic problems of farmers in the late nineteenth century was

answer

overproduction of agricultural products and subsequent decline in commodity prices

question

The basic problem of farmers in the late nineteenth century was

answer

overproduction of agricultural products and the subsequent decline in commodity prices

question

The first regulatory agency, the Interstate Commerce Commission, was created in 1887

answer

True

question

The high tariff hurt farmers by limiting their export markets

answer

True

question

The implications of social Darwinism included

answer

a belief in the progress of human societies

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The only major national issue that clearly and consistently divided Democrats from Republican was

answer

tariff policy

question

The phrase survival of the fittest was coined by

answer

Herbert Spencer

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