US History Ch 18 Q&A – Flashcards
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What institution grew from the end of the Civil War to the turn of the century?
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industrial and agriculture
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All of the following factors helped accelerate economic growth after the Civil War EXCEPT:
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the use of prison labor by railroad companies
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Why was a transcontinental railroad not built before the Civil War?
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North-South sectional differences prevented Congress from selecting a route
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Which companies constructed the first transcontinental railroad?
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Central Pacific and the Union Pacific Railroads.
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Who invented the first light bulb?
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Thomas Edison
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What factor(s) account for the success of Standard Oil?
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Its Corporate structure, known as vertical integration, allowed the company to grow tremendously
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What was a "holding company"? What's another word for "holding company"?
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a company that controlled other companies by holding all or at least a majority of their stock;
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Why were trusts like Standard Oil vulnerable?
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vulnerable to prosecution under state laws against monopoly or restraint of trade
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Why was J. Pierpont Morgan different from other business leaders?
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He didn't build industries; he financed them. He was also born into wealth
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What provoked the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
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response to the cutting of wages for the third time in a year Striking workers would not allow any of the trains, to roll until this third wage cut was revoked.
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What ended the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
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when the workers, who lacked organized bargaining power, returned to work
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Which labor union got Congress to enact an eight-hour workday for federal employees?
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National Labor Union
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Why was there a growth of craft unions during the Civil War?
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The war sparked an increased demand for skilled labor.
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Which union called for men and women to have equal pay for equal work?
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Knights of Labor
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The Knights of Labor declined for all the following reasons EXCEPT?
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its leader Terence Powderly died
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Which labor union was primarily concerned with economic gains?
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AFL
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How did the American Federation of Labor differ from the Knights of Labor?
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The AFL was a federation of national organizations, each of which retained a large degree of its autonomy, while the Knights organization was more centralized.
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Why were mail cars connected to Pullman cars during the Pullman strike?
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to justify federal intervention to end the strike by allowing railroad executives to claim the strike interfered with the mail
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Where did the Industrial Workers of the World originate?
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Butte, Montana (in the mining and lumber camps of the West)
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Why/how was the IWW destroyed?
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opposed American involvement in World War I
