Apush Chapter 11 Answers – Flashcards
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Corrupt Bargain
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John Q. Adams and Andrew Jackson were practically tied during the election, so the decision went to Congress. John Q. Adams promised Henry Clay, the influential Speaker of the House, position as Secretary of State if he would vote for Adams.
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National Republicans
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Organized by Clay and combined with Anti-Masonics to create Whigs. Their candidate was John Q. Adams who was not well liked because of his farsighted programs, and lack of political tact, and he lost the election to Jackson
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Anti-Masonic Movement
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Combined with the National Republicans to create the Whig party. Feared the Masons because their secret society promoted bias in the business world, and they focused on science, technology, and humanism instead of more traditional and Christian values
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John Quincy Adams
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Democrat/Republican. Tried to gain government support for science, art, and literature, but did not receive support. Also refused to remove opposers from office, and eventually failed to be reelected
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Martin Van Buren
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Democrat. Known for policy of noncommitalism, and created an independent treasury to avoid problem of banks, but the treasury could not control money flow like the bank
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Andrew Jackson
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Democrat known as leading the era of Common Man. He wanted the president to decide constitutionality, participated in spoils system, was a strict constitutionalist, was a demagogue, and often vetoed bills simply because he disliked them unlike predecessors who only vetoed due to unconstitutionality.
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Democrats
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No property requirements to vote, common man, rural over urban, no bank, no alliances, strict constitution, active presidential role, agrarian commerce, president decides constitutionality, civic virtue, winners and losers in capitalism, wealth over education
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Spoils System
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Used by Jackson to politically reward his supporters
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Trail of Tears
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Cherokees forced march from Georgia to Oklahoma where hundreds died from exhaustion, starvation, and disease
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Minstrel Show
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Popular mainly in the North. Racist entertainment where white actors wore black makeup and portrayed slaves as happy and content. Made poor whites believe they were superior to blacks
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Denmark Vesey
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Free black carpenter in South Caroline who argued that slavery violated basic morals of Christianity. Planned to seixe control of Charleston and and raise standard of black living, but was betrayed by several slaves at the last minute.
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Tariff of Abominations
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raise of duty rates in 1828. Helped the north but hurt the south, especially angering South Carolina
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South Carolina Exposition and Protest
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authored by John C. Calhoun and outlined the theory of nullification, that a state could nullify a federal law
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Daniel Webster
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Argued that the Union was made up of the people not the states, so one state could not secceed. Known as the nationalist theory of Union
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Proclamation of Nullification
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Jackson's Proclamation which stated that the union was perpetual and there was no right of secession under the Constitution
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Force Bill
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reaffirmed the President's military powers to back up Proclamation of nullification
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Compromise of 1833
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Decreased the tariff. Signed by Calhoun when no other southern states followed South Carolina's example
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Peggy Eaton
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Split the cabinet because she was caught amidst scandle, and some sided against her while others sided with her creating a divide
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Nicholas Biddle
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President of the National Bank. Sought to restore Bank's reputation by regulating amount of credit available to provide a sound currency
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Demonize
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When a thing is portrayed as evil so that it cannot be supported. Jackson demonized the bank as an agent of special privledges and vowed to protect farmers, mechanics, and laborers
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Specie Circuit
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Regulates trade by requiring that land be bought with gold and silver instead of paper money
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Panic of 1819
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Seen as many as punishment for losing old virtues in favor of commercialism
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Independent Treasury
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Created by Van Buren in order to avoid Bank's corruption. However it only stored money adn could not regualte or control it.
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Whigs
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Similar to Federalists. Believed in: property voting requirements, educated elite, urban over rural, supported bank, morally against slavery, business over education, no alliances, loose constitutionalism, active president, supreme court decides constitutionality, industrialization, positive impact from government, morality as a virtue, everyone benefits in capitalism
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Depression of 1839
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international cotton market plummetted, throwing America into a depression. Showed how connected economy was to global market
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William Henry Harrison
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Whig , sold as fronteirsman, killed the Prophet, dies after two months in president. Succeeded by Tyler who could not gain support from either party, demonstrating need for a balanced ticket
