History Chapter 20 Test Questions – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Were people into politics in the Gilded Age?
answer
Ohhhhhhhh yeahhhhhh... people were avid about voting
question
What was the most popular form of entertainment in the Gilded Age?
answer
Politics was more popular than baseball and circuses
question
What did the political rivalry and party loyalty reflect?
answer
The pluralism, amount of immigrants, etc.
question
Were alliances between parties firm?
answer
No, even though they combined to achieve their goals, their memberships shifted in accordance to matters on hand
question
Who identified with the Democratic party?
answer
People who were against government interference in matters of personal affairs. immigrant Catholics and Jews- who think that only God can help govern them
question
Who identified with the Republican party?
answer
People who thought that gov can help with moral reform. Protestants- who thought that legislation can help people from sin.
question
What issues made politics a personal as well as a community activity?
answer
On Sunday, whether stores should be opened, schools and prohibitions, and the availability of liquor
question
Did people form political bonds because of politics all the time?
answer
No. People made loyalties to individual politicians, not corruptive stuff
question
Who is James Blaine?
answer
He is Maine's awesome guy who symbolized people liking politicians not just for political reasons. He had corrupt alliances and hated laborers and farmers.
question
Why did no political faction gain control?
answer
Allegiances were so evenly divided.
question
Who usually controlled the presidency and Congress?
answer
The same party rarely controlled both
question
Which states did the presidents have to rely on to win?
answer
The popular vote in populated Northern states
question
Who were the Stalwarts?
answer
They worked the spoils system to give government jobs for their supporters- Conkling
question
Who were the Half-Breeds?
answer
They were civil-service reforms- Blaine
question
Who were Mug-Wumps?
answer
Believed that only educated men should rule.
question
Did the democratic party splinter & what did it pursue?
answer
Yes- it casually splintered and subdivided- it pursued the spoils of office.
question
How was political power divided up between the states?
answer
One party usually dominated, and in that party, a few men held power. The state "boss" was often a senator who made his state power into national influence. They exercised their power brazenly.
question
What was the "bloody shirt" that was being waved between Republicans and Democrats?
answer
Repubs- N= money & look at what your war has brought us! Dems- S = white supremacy and state rights
question
What was the affect of the Grand Army of the Republic?
answer
It cost so much money, and some people didn't even deserve it. Confederates received no pensions.
question
What was the spoils system?
answer
Politicians awarded jobs to their party people, and their party people gave some money to the politicians.
question
What was the civil service reform?
answer
Horrified people made people make sure they were getting jobs based on how good they were, not their political party relations
question
What sped up the drive for an end to the spoils system?
answer
An unemployed guy shot Garfield
question
How did people stop the spoils system?
answer
The Pendleton Civil Service Act created a commission to oversee government job positions
question
What was the significance of the Pendleton Civil Service Act?
answer
It marked a beginning and was a model for reform
question
What was the main issue of the Gilded Age?
answer
Economic policy- especially with railroads
question
What was wrong with the railroad companies?
answer
They had to raise the price where there was no competition and drop it where there was competition. They also played favorites with politicians
question
How did farmers, merchants, and reform politicians demand rate regulation?
answer
At state-level they succeeded
question
What was the Interstate Commerce Act?
answer
It prohibited pools, rebates, long-haul/short-haul rates, and it made the ICC to regulate and investigate railroad making methods
question
How was the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) enforced?
answer
The Court kept on chipping at its power away. The regulation was very weakened, but it was enforced however.
question
How did Dems and Repubs view tariffs?
answer
Dems thought that they made prices artificially high and benefited domestic manufactures and hurting farmers, but Repubs love it.
question
How did Dems and Repubs view gov hoarding money?
answer
Dems thought it should not be a profit-making business. Repubs want it to reserve money
question
What is the McKinley Tariff?
answer
Boosted tariffs up. Cleveland trimmed tariffs, but Republicans restored the cuts/ Tariffs= priviledged businesses in the public mind, but continuing target of reformers
question
Who wanted silver?
answer
Farmers, small businessmen because there was more silver, so this would lead to inflation.
question
Who wanted gold?
answer
Big business and manufacturers because the amount of silver will fluctuate, and it will be hard to maintain confident of the U.S.
question
What was the economy chiefly backed by?
answer
Gold
question
What is the Bland-Allison Act?
answer
This let the Treasury buy a lot of silver each month
question
What was the Sherman Silver Purchase?
answer
It encouraged buying silver, but it measured by oz
question
Who is President RutherFRAUD Hayes?
answer
He was quiet, opposed racial violence, and tried to overhaul the spoils system- Rep
question
Who is President James Garfield?
answer
A Civil War hero and Ohio congressman who was solemn and cautious. He tried to secure independent position among party potentates. He wanted less tariff and better economic relation with Latin.A
question
Who succeeded Garfield?
answer
Chester A. Arthur- he wanted fed regulation of railroads
question
Why did Cleveland beat Blaine?
answer
Some Mugwumps didn't like Blaine so they switched, and also "rum, Romanism, and rebellion" which made Irish people support Cleveland.
question
Why did Harrison beat Cleveland for reelection?
answer
Harrison hired British people to say they were voting for Cleveland, and because U.S. Irish hate the British, they switched to Cleveland. Also, Harrison used bribery and multiple votings
question
What was special about Harrison's election?
answer
His party has both majorities in the houses of Congress
question
What was the Pension Act?
answer
It was more pensions for war people- specifically disabled... it pushed the fed budget past $1 billion
question
Who was blamed for the $1 bil budget crisis?
answer
The "Billion Dollar Congress" made up of Republicans... Republicans were unseated in the next election. This made Cleveland win.
question
Why did lynches occur?
answer
Whites were afraid of being surrounded by so many blacks
question
Who is Ida B. Wells?
answer
She wrote against lynching. She founded the Women's Era Club- the first civic organization for black A. A women
question
How did the States get blacks to stop voting?
answer
They raised the prices of poll taxes, and stopped illiterate blacks- the Mississippi Plan summed this all up.
question
How did the gov handle racism?
answer
It said that the fed gov could not regulate behavior of private individuals in matters of race relations
question
What happened in Plessy vs Ferguson?
answer
A dark-skinned guy sat in the wrong cart on purpose, but when taken to court, the court said that he violated the rules
question
How did black people respond to racism?
answer
They wanted to prove themselves through education
question
What was the dif between NWSA and AWSA?
answer
NWSA= led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony tried to get women's rights in courts, work, and voting. AWSA= focused more narrowly on suffrage
question
What is the Alliance and where did it start?
answer
It began in Grange organizations and it spread across areas where tenancy, debt, weather, and insects endangered struggling farmers. It inspired visions of a cooperative and democratic society.
question
Why was Southern agriculture still labor-intensive?
answer
Tobacco and cotton were special
question
What is the crop lien?
answer
Farmers that were poor borrowed to buy necessities. They would exchange crops for a legal claim. This sank farmers into deep, deep debt
question
Why did people start growing cotton in the South?
answer
It was the only crop they could commercialize from, and they could throw it on railways
question
Why were farmers struggling SO MUCH?
answer
The price to keep their plants alive was more than what they sold them for.
question
How did people respond to these farming issues?
answer
They began to organize local organizations called Granges.
question
SKIPPED A COUPLE OF PAGES- Granges, farmer alliances, populist party, crop lien, sub-treasury, Omaha platform
answer
Evil quizlet deleted them
question
What was the effect of the gold reserve dwindling?
answer
Investors didn't put any money into anything because they lost faith in their company
question
What is the deal between Morgan and Cleveland?
answer
Cleveland agreed to take little money for gold and he redistributed everything :) People hated him for working with big business
question
Did the Morgan and Cleveland deal end the Depression?
answer
No. It improved a little then went DOWNNN
question
How did people relieve food shortages?
answer
They allowed citizens to own potato patches
question
What ended the depression?
answer
Gold discoveries, good harvests, and industrial growth
question
Why were farmers suffering even more after the depression?
answer
There was still discriminatory prices at home, and also, Canadian and Russian.
question
What happened at the Coeur d Alene?
answer
Striking miners seized the mine and battled federal troops
question
What became the new thing?
answer
Socialism
question
Who is Daniel DeLeon?
answer
A socialist leader who was super fiery- he focused on fine points of doctrine rather than everyday needs, and social mobility and philosophy of individualism undermined their needs
question
Who is Eugene V. Debs?
answer
A fiery socialist leader who formed the Socialist Party of America
question
Who is Jacob Coxey?
answer
A quiet businessman who wanted paper money. He started a march to D.C, but it dissolved from police muscle
question
What is the difference between socialists and Coxey?
answer
Socialist want to replace the capitalistic system, where Coxey wanted better jobs and living standards
question
What did the Populist party propose?
answer
It was underfinanced and underorganized, but it wanted free silver.
question
What did free silver symbolize?
answer
An end to special privileges for the rich, and the return of gov to the people
question
What were the two options of the Populists?
answer
Fusion or independence. Also, they could join Democrats in support of Bryan or try to nominate their own candidate
question
Why did urban workers shy away from the Populists?
answer
They didn't like the silver issue because they thought it would shrink the value of their wages
question
What was the first thing President McKinley did?
answer
He signed the Gold Standard Act that required that all paper money is backed by gold
question
What was McKinley most known for?
answer
Creating protective tariffs.
