APUSH chapter 23 learning curve – Flashcards
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Which tariff, passed in 1930, raised rates to an all-time high, further deepening the worldwide depression?
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smoot-hawley
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The day after his March 1933 inauguration, President Franklin Roosevelt showed his intention to act quickly to ameliorate the economic crisis by closing all of the nation's
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banks
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Which act established a federal agency with the authority to guarantee the process of collective bargaining for industrial workers?
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The Wagner Act
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Which project was the largest federal construction project in the West during the New Deal?
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Grand Coulee Dam
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In the midst of Herbert Hoover's plunging popularity, who did the Republican Party nominate for president in 1932?
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Herbert Hoover
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In 1934, the U.S. Congress established the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), giving it the authority to
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determine how stocks and bonds were sold
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Which program did the Social Security Act of 1935 create?
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old-age pensions
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A 1932 confrontation in which major industry left five workers dead and fifty with serious injuries?
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automobile
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Which factor was critical for President Franklin Roosevelt's ability to pass New Deal reforms during the first days of his presidency in 1933?
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a sympathetic congress
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The Revenue Act of 1935, which proposed a substantial tax increase on corporations and the wealthy, stood as an example of what aspect of Franklin Roosevelt's administration?
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his decision to shift his policies to the left
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Which group marched on Washington, D.C., only to be burned out of their tents by the federal government in the summer of 1932?
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The Bonus Army
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From which segments of American society did significant organized opposition to the New Deal emerge in 1934?
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both the political left and the right
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Who was the economist who in the 1920s proposed that governments should use deficit spending to stimulate the economy?
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John Maynard Keynes
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What group was "repatriated" by the federal government during both the Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt administrations?
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mexican citizens
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Years before he became president, Franklin D. Roosevelt suffered paralysis from an attack of what disease?
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polio
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Which individual was a New Deal critic and spokesman for elderly Americans seeking pensions?
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Francis Townsend
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What was the name given to the New Deal's 1935 assistance program for widows and orphans?
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Aid to Dependent Children
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Which federal project associated with the New Deal nurtured such talented artists as Orson Welles and John Huston during the 1930s?
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Federal Theatre Project
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Why was President Herbert Hoover's Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) ineffective?
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The Reconstruction Finance Corporation lent money too cautiously
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Why had Father Charles Coughlin turned against the New Deal within its first year?
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He turned against Roosevelt for his refusal to nationalize the banking system
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Franklin Roosevelt attempted to strengthen the legal basis for New Deal legislation in 1937 by adding members to which federal body?
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The U.S. Supreme Court
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Which American political organization took the lead in defending the Scottsboro Boys against the charges that they raped two white women?
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American Communist Party
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Which nation preceded the United States into economic depression in 1928?
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Germany
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Which program did the Roosevelt administration create in 1933 to address the economic crisis in the manufacturing sector of the economy?
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National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
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Which act, passed as part of the Second New Deal in 1935, provided a federal system of old-age pensions?
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Social Security Act
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How did the New Deal affect the arts in America in the 1930s?
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The New Deal supported many artistic endeavors that made art more widely accessible
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Which amendment shortened the interval between the presidential election and the inauguration in 1933?
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Twentieth
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Which of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal recruits led the Civil Works Administration at its creation in 1933?
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Harry Hopkins
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How did Franklin Roosevelt respond to the "Roosevelt recession" of 1937?
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By increasing federal spending for jobs programs
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During the 1930s, the American Federation of Labor organized workers on a craft-by-craft basis, while the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) organized what groups?
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All skilled and unskilled workers in a given industry
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By about how much did the gross domestic product of the United States fall between 1929 and 1932?
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One-half
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Who was the director of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) at the time of its creation in 1933?
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Harry Hopkins
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Which factor was a major cause of the "Roosevelt recession" of 1937?
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the reduction of the federal budget
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Which organization led the fight for industrial unionism in American workplaces during the 1930s?
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Congress of Industrial Organizations
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How did Midwestern farmers who joined the Farmers' Holiday Association protest low crop prices in the spring of 1932?
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they cut off food supplies to urban areas
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During his first hundred days in office in 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt placed a high priority on New Deal legislation that did what?
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launched large-scale public works projects
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After the First New Deal focused on economic recovery, the Second New Deal, from 1935 to 1938, emphasized what goals?
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social justice and economic security
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Why did Mexican Americans tend to support the New Deal?
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they believed that the New Deal meant help for ordinary Americans, including them
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Why did poverty-stricken Americans use the term "Hoovervilles" to describe their temporary shantytowns during the early 1930s?
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they blamed President Hoover for the miserable conditions of these settlements
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Who organized the Share Our Wealth Society to provide a political base from which to attack the New Deal?
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Huey Long
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How did Franklin Roosevelt use the Second New Deal to respond to his critics?
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he adopted some parts of the reforms called for by critics of the left
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Which nationally known figure can be seen as the "conscience" of the New Deal?
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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Franklin D. Roosevelt won the presidential election in 1932 as the result of his promise to address the Great Depression by
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engaging in bold experiments
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How did Huey Long propose to improve the distribution of wealth through his Share Our Wealth Society?
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by taxing those with high income and giving the money to poor people
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Why did the nation witness a dramatic growth in rank-and-file militancy and strikes in 1934?
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workers gained the right to organize unions
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Who served as secretary of labor in the Roosevelt administration and was the first woman to hold a cabinet post?
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Frances Perkins
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How can President Herbert Hoover's response to the Great Depression be summarized?
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too little, too late
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The Roosevelt administration's 1933 Glass-Steagall Act insured bank deposits through which organizations?
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
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Why did the U.S. Supreme Court declare the National Industrial Recovery Act unconstitutional in the 1935 case of Schechter v. United States?
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because it delegated Congress's lawmaking power to the executive branch
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With which organization did President Herbert Hoover attempt to stimulate economic activity by providing federal loans to major businesses in 1931 and 1932?
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Reconstruction Finance Corporation
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What did the Wagner Act of 1934 forbid employers from doing?
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fire workers for union activities
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Which man criticized the New Deal from the right?
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Herbert Hoover
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Why did Franklin Roosevelt create the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in 1935?
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to reduce unemployment before the 1936 election
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For what purpose did some businessmen and politicians establish the Liberty League in 1934?
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to attack Roosevelt for advocating "socialist" policies
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Why was the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) ultimately more significant than the Liberty League?
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it continued years after the New Deal and promoted its message
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What did Franklin Roosevelt and John Maynard Keynes believe the federal government needed to do in order to preserve individual liberty?
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assist the needy and guarantee the basic welfare of citizens
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In his 1936 campaign for president, what did Republican challenger Alfred Landon make as the basis of his campaign?
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criticizing the New Deal's inefficiency and Roosevelt's use of power
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Why did the Democratic Party choose Franklin D. Roosevelt as its candidate for president in the election of 1932?
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as governor of New York, he had initiated innovative relief and unemployment programs
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What was the result of Franklin Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court in 1937?
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it was defeated after critics charged that he was sidestepping the Constitution
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The 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) proposed federal government subsidies for American farmers in order to
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cut overproduction and stabilize prices
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Why did some victims of the Great Depression feel shame rather than anger about their circumstances in 1932 and 1933?
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they had internalized traditional American messages about the self-made man
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World War I veterans marched to Washington during the summer of 1932 for what reason?
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to demand the payment of a pension due in 1945
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Why did Franklin Roosevelt seek new justices for the U.S. Supreme Court in 1937?
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he feared that the sitting justices would not support New Deal legislation
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From what sources did President Franklin Roosevelt draw the ideas that he put into practice through his early New Deal programs?
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a large number of prominent advisors
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How did the U.S. Supreme Court respond to the First New Deal?
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by striking down several key New Deal laws
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Which New Deal initiative did former President Herbert Hoover condemn as "tyranny, not liberalism"?
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The National Recovery Administration
