Apush Chapter 32 Flashcard
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Brain Trust
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Group of expert policy advisers who worked with FDR in the 1930s to end the great depression.
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New Deal
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The historic period (1933-1940) in the U.S. during which President Franklin Roosevelt's economic policies were implemented.
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Hundred Days
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The special session of Congress that Roosevelt called to launch his New Deal programs. The special session lasted about three months: 100 days.
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Glass-Steagall Banking Reform
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A law that established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) in the United States and imposed banking reforms, several of which were intended to control speculation.The FDIC, insured individual deposits up to $5,000 at the time.
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Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
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Created in April 1933. Within 4 months, 1300 CCC camps were in operation and 300,000 men between ages 18 and 25 worked for the reconstruction of cities. More than 2.5 million men lived and/or worked in CCC camps.
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National Recovery Administration (NRA)
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Part of "First" New Deal Program (1933-1935), prevented extreme competition, labor management disputes, and over-production; federally coordinated consensus of business leaders (Hugh Johnson) to regulate businesses (wages, limits, working conditions).
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Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
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Created in 1933 as part of FDR's New Deal. The AAA controlled the production and prices of crops by offering subsidies to farmers who stayed under set quotas. The Supreme Court declared the AAA unconstitutional in 1936.
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Dust Bowl
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Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages.
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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
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A relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil.
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Social Security Act
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Guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health.
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Wagner Act
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1935; established National Labor Relations Board; protected the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands.
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Fair Labor Standards Act
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1938 act which provided for a minimum wage and restricted shipments of goods produced with child labor.
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Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
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Union organization of unskilled workers; broke away from the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in 1935 and rejoined it in 1955
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Court-packing plan
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President FDR's failed 1937 attempt to increase the number of US Supreme Court Justices from 9 to 15 in order to save his 2nd New Deal programs from constitutional challenges.
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Keynesianism
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The belief the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation.
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FDR
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The President of the United States during the Depression and WWII. He instituted the New Deal. Served from 1933 to 1945, he was the only president in U.S. history to be elected to four terms.
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. She was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for working women.
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Harry L. Hopkins
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This man led the FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Administration) which replaced Hoover's RFC by giving grants to the states to promote civil work projects, but the states preferred just to give the money to the men instead of creating jobs. He would also run the CWA and the WPA.
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Father Charles Coughlin
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A critic of the New Deal; created the National Union for Social Justice; wanted a monetary inflation and the nationalization of the banking system.
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Francis E. Townsend
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A doctor and critic of FDR's who proposed that everyone 60 years of age or older should get $200 a month as long as they spent it within 30 days.
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Huey P. (Kingfish) Long
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a Senator of Louisiana; a Democrat; Though a backer of Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election, Long split with Roosevelt in June 1933 and allegedly planned to mount his own presidential bid for 1936; he started the "Share Our Wealth" program which promised to make "Every Man A King."
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Frances Perkins
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U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet.
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Mary McLeod Bethune
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Mary McLeod Bethune was a leader in the struggle for women's and black equality. She founded a school for black students that eventually became Bethune-Cookman University. She also served as an advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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Robert F. Wagner
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Democratic United States Senator from New York from 1927 until 1949. He was a justice of the New York Supreme Court from 1919 to 1926. He was a member of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Brain Trust. He was very involved in labor and protection of the average worker. He helped pass the National Labor Relations Act that led to the fair treatment of workers.
