APUSH Chapter 17-19 – Flashcards
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Took office after the death of William Henry Harrison in 1841. He was a democrat but was swayed by his adoptive Whig Party. He signed a law to end the independent treasury but he vetoed attempts to create a Fiscal Bank. "His accidency".
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John Tyler
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Signed by Tyler, Clay pushed down tariff rates to those of 1832 (32%). Needing additional revenue, tyler signed it.
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Tariff of 1842
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Memories of the war with Britain and the dying out of the Federalists to create the Jacksonian Democrats harbored _______ of the British
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Hatred
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After furnishing Canadians and hot blooded Americans with military supplies, fighting on Canadian frontier. Most notably, this US steamer was attacked on the NY shore.
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Caroline
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American Ship which was captured and rebelled by Virginia slaves who were allowed asylum on the British Bahamas
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Creole
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clash over the Maine-Canada boundary where a road was proposed to connect Halifax and Quebec, US won more land and the Mesabi Iron Ore
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Aroostook War
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British wanted this state to be independent because it would check surge of American colossus. This state made treaties with France, Holland, and Belgium ensuring some defense
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Texas
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Claims of Discovery, Exploration, Treaty rights, Actual Occupation, Hudson's Bay Company
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British Claims
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Claims of Exploration and Occupation (Robert Gray)
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US Claims
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Campaign of 1844 which was based mostly off the idea of Manifest Destiny. Won because of Liberty Party which stole votes from Clay. 5 goals= Walker Tariff, Restoration of Independent Treasury, California, Oregon
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James (K) Polk
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Created in 1846, it lowered Tariff of 1842 from 32% to 25% . New England and Middle States complained but it evidently helped
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Walker Tariff
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US got better deal in this because the British accepted the 49th parallel which gave US more land
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Oregon Compromise
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Explained the exact place where blood had been spilled on US territory. Created by Abe Lincoln
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Spot Resolutions
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The claiming of California by John C. Fremont in 1846 for US
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California Bear Flag Republic
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Signed Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 which ended the war with Mexico and gave the US Texas, Oregon, and California for 18 million dollars
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Nicholas Trist
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Anti-slavery whigs who denounced the war
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Conscience Whigs
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David Wilmot created an amendment that stated that slavery should never exist in any territory gained from the Mexico Cession. Never became a law but was adopted to legislatures
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Wilmot Proviso
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The idea brought by Lewis Cass and extended by Douglas where the people of a state decide their stance on slavery through a vote
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Popular Sovereignty
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Taylor won the presidency in 1848
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Zachary Taylor
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Conscience Whig ideals of anti-slavery. Party which was created to attack the slavery issue straight on
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Free-Soil Party
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Virtual freedom train where connections of safe-houses housed slaves who were then transported to Canada. Harriet Tubman was the leader
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Underground Railroad
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Urged secession from the North and South (compromise) and was supported by Douglas
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Henry Clay
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Wanted to leave slavery alone, return runaway slaves, give back some power to the Southern minority, and restore the sectional balance
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John (C.) Calhoun
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Believed that the new land should not hold slaves anyways because of it's inability to cultivate cotton (seventh of march speech)
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Daniel Webster
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Millard Fillmore took over the presidency when Taylor died and he passed this compromise written by Henry Clay. It admitted Cal. as a free state. Texas lost disputed territory to New Mexico. DC ended the slave trade. Popular Sovereignty was applied in Mexican Cession lands. Texas was reimbursed for lost of NM. Stricter FSL was created. Overall North had the advantage and this angered many southerners
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Compromise of 1850
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Fleeing slaves could not testify for themselves in a trial and they were denied a jury trial. Northerners became very angry
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Fugitive Slave Law (FSL)
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Weak and indecisive democrat who's platform was based on territorial expansion and the Compromise of 1850. Whig decline was evident
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Franklin Pierce
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Neither America nor Britain could seek control over any future isthmian waterway
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Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
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3 envoys meeting in Belgium to discuss the purchase of Cuba for 120$ million. If Spain refused, then a just declaration of war was in order (after info was leaked, the documents crumbled)
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Ostend Manifesto
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First formal diplomatic agreement between the US and China opening commerce between them. Started by Caleb Cushing
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Treaty of Wanghia
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Matthew Perry opened up relations with Japan
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Treaty of Kanagawa
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10$ million for the purchase of the territory below tucson in mexico to build a southern railroad
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Gadsden Purchase
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Stephen Douglas had the idea to split the territory into two states: Nebraska and Kansas. Their status about slavery would be declared by popular sovereignty. (Kansas would become slave, Nebraska would become free)
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Kansas Nebraska Act
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Wickedness of slavery, atrocities of slavery, influenced by Second Great Awakening
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
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Helper's book which was a strong attack on slavery and proved that slavery held back nonslaveholding whites
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Impending Crisis of the South
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Antislavery organization which sent people to a better area than in the south
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NE Emigrant Aid Company
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People could vote against or for slavery but if they voted against it, then the rights and benefits of slaveholders would still be upheld and protected
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Lecompton Constitution
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Strongly under southern influence. Won the election over Fremont where both platforms argued against slavery and for pop. sovereignty. Lecompton Constitution was put up for popular vote under him, and Kansas remained a territory (constitution failed)
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James Buchanan
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Strong speeches of abolition of slavery and speeches which condemned slavery advocates. Preston Brooks beat him with a cane after he insulted Brooks' state and it's senator
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Charles Sumner
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an 1856 Supreme Court case in which a slave; Dred Scott, sued unsuccessfully for his freedom because he had been taken to live in territories where slavery was illegal. Court also ruled the Compromise of 1820 to be unconstitutional because Congress had no power to ban slavery from the territories
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Dred Scott v. Stanford
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Gold rush created inflation. Crimean War demanded larger crop production. Speculation of railroads and lands was further increased. North was hit very hard but South enjoyed fair cotton prices and made it through unscathed.
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Panic of 1857
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In result of the Panic of 1857, public lands were available for 25 cents per acre (but it was vetoed by the president)
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Homestead Act
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New law which lowered the duties to 20% but resulted in the panic. Northerners blamed this for the panic
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Tariff of 1857
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Famous debates between two candidates for Senate seat of Illinois. Lincoln lost to Douglas especially due to Freeport Doctrine of Douglas
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Lincoln Douglas Debates
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The idea that slavery was the vote of the people, and if the people didn't want it, it wouldn't exist. This concept was stated by Douglas but evidently lost him the Presidential election of 1860
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Freeport Doctrine
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Led the raid on Harper's Ferry where he thought that if he armed the slaves of the South, they would rise up against the slave-holders. He was wrong... and captured by US Marines. He was later executed: South thought he was a murderer, North thought he was a martyr
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John Brown
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Northern Democrats (Popular Sovereignty) elected Stephen Douglas. Southern Democrats (South) picked Breckinridge. The Republicans (North) chose Lincoln. The Constitutional Union Party (Middle) chose Bell.
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Election of 1860
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For free-soilers, it proposed the non-expansion of slavery; For northern manufacturers, a protective tariff; For the immigrants, no abridgement of rights; For the West, internal improvements at federal expense; For the farmers, free homesteads.
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Lincoln's Platform
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these, while prohibiting slavery north of 36 30, would also give federal protection in all territories south of that line (but Lincoln rejected these amendments)
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Crittenden Amendments
