What Is Cancer 2 Essay Example

carcinomas.

Those that resemble glandular tissue are called adenocarcinomas." Third, " Leukemias and lymphomas include the cancers that involve blood forming tissues and are typified by the enlargement of the lymph nodes, the invasion of the spleen and bone marrow and the over production of immature white cells."5 The only number greater than the number of different types of cancer is the number of people found to have these deadly diseases.

One million new cases of cancer are diagnosed in the United States alone each year. Five hundred thousand die each 5. Excerpted from "Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia", 1994. year from this disease. "It is also estimated that about 30% of the Americans living today, or 76 million Americans will develop cancer in their lifetime.

"6 As scientist search to cure this terrifying disease, with the help of millions of dollars in donations, we still do not even know what causes cancer to invade.

We do understand that the diseases likeliness to form is heightened with the different environments that people live in. Researchers see that with constant contact with carcinogens, substances that promote the development of cancer, is almost a guarantee that the person will develop cancer at some point in their life. Chemicals, radiation and viruses are the main types of carcinogens.

Constant exposure to these carcinogens cause gene abnormalities that can be inherited or induced in a body cell. These cells can also be damaged by outside sources. After many mutations from these carcinogens, it is thought that mutations will occur and will produce a malignant cell that will copy itself into many cancerous cells. Viruses are the cause of about 15% of all

cancers.

The virus is able to invade cells and cause them to synthesize new viral particles; viruses carry oncogenes that can 6. Excerpted from "Encarta Encyclopedia", 1997. infect cells and cause malignant transformation. "Chromosomal structure change has been observed in 90% of all human cancer.

Chromosomes are the repository for all genetic information required to build a cell.

" 7 Chromosomal changes are now considered as common in malignant cells and used to diagnosis cancer. It is said that about 80% of all the cases of cancer which are discovered each year are from environmental factors. Skin cancer for example can be caused by prolonged periods in the sun. Smoke is said to cause lung cancer. Cancers can be found in people who work with industrial chemicals such as; asbestos, uranium, aniline dyes, arsenic, vinyl chloride, ethylene oxide, benzene, formaldehyde, pesticides and herbicides.

30% of deaths in the United States are smoking related. Dietary factors may account for 40% of deaths from cancer. High fat diets, which are low in fiber can induce colon cancer.

Another promoter of cancer is alcohol. If alcohol and tobacco are used together the risk of cancer to the mouth, larynx, throat, liver and esophagus is greatly enhanced. 8 Even though many different types of cancer are caused by chemicals, radiation, viruses and other sources, it has been found that 20% of cancers are based on inheritance.

Some cancers are able to survive in families for generations. Even with such a large number as 20%, only a few cancers are thought to be caused by inheritance. The two 7. R. Grant Steen, "A Conspiracy of Cells" Plenum Press, 1993, page 5. 8.

Mark

Renneker, "Cancer", Chelsea House, 1990, pg. 34. major cancers thought to be Inherited are breast cancer and colon cancer. There is no rhyme or reason why these diseases run through some families but not others.

Hopefully, someday, with our scientific advancements we will be able to save many lives. Even scarier than generations of families dying from the same horrible disease, is the way in which cancer spreads through the human body.

Some cancers will grow and develop in one part of the body and will never really become dangerous as long as they are detected and removed. The more dangerous cancer cells are the tumors that travel through the body and replace healthy cells with the tainted, fast growing cancer cells. "Normal tissue will be covered and will have cancerous cells running through it, each cell which is now potentially capable of forming a new tumor even if the original tumor mass is surgically removed.9 It seems that these malignant tumors are almost unstoppable.

They grow and reproduce at an astonishing rate. Even though they do this very quickly, some cancers follow a very predictable pattern. For example, breast and prostrate cancers usually infect bone and melanomas. Kidney cancer is much the same and usually spreads to the lungs.

Although we are aware of these trends, scientist are still unable to stop this infectious disease.

Leukemia means white blood. Leukemia causes the body to produce an abnormal number of immature white blood cells. This makes the body susceptible to infection. Leukemia makes up only 3% of all cancers, but what makes this disease so deadly is who it affects.

Children are the most at risk for this disease.

10 We live in a very warm and sunny climate, because of this skin cancer is very prevalent. There are two types of skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. These types of cancers are both very dangerous cancers.

They are found in all areas of the body which are exposed to the sun. The areas of the body which are most affected are the hands, face and ears.

As long as these diseases are found in the early stages, there is good prognosis for complete cure. Melanomas are more dangerous because they metastasize much more quickly than normal cancer cells and can spread throughout the body.

Lung cancer is one of the most deadly cancers and is extremely hard to diagnosis. People are unable to detect the disease within them because the symptoms are not exposed until its final stages. The symptoms are a cough, spetum streaked with blood, chest pain, repeated attacks of pneumonia or bronchitis. The five year survival rate is only 14% overall.

This cancer takes the greatest amounts of lives. The cancer that plagues one out of every ten women is breast cancer.

Women as they become older, at about the age of 50, become more susceptible to this form of cancer. Through studies, we have found that over weight women with high fat diets are much more susceptible. Doctors highly recommend self examinations and mammograms to help women protect themselves from this disease. Breast cancer is one of the easiest cancers to be treated if detected at an early stage.

The second most common of all cancers is colon and rectal cancer. 70% of all cancers found in large

intestines are found in the colon and the other 30% are found in the rectum. Symptoms are constipation, diarrhea, bloody stools and a change in bowel habits. This cancer can also be successfully treated if found in its earliest stages. 11. American Cancer Society, "The American Cancer Society Cancer Book", Doubleday, There are several different types of cancer treatments.