Science Unit 3 Test- Units 1 and 2 – Flashcards
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What is the solar system?
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It is the sun and all of the planets and other bodies that orbit the sun.
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Who purposed the early models of the solar system?
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Aristotle, Aristarchus, Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo.
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What is the heliocentric model?
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The earth and other planets that orbit the sun.
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What is geocentric model?
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The idea that the earth was the center of the solar system.
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What is the parallax?
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The apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from different locations.
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Who first observed the phases of Venus?
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Galileo.
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Who attempted to measure the relevant distance from the moon and to the sun?
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Aristarchus.
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Who replaced circles with ellipses in a heliocentric model of the universe?
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Ptolemy.
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Whose geocentric model of the solar system was accepted for 1,400 years?
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Ptolemy.
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Whose heliocentric model is seen as the first step in the development of modern models of the solar system?
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Copernicus.
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What are Kepler's laws?
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First law- planetary orbits are ellipses with the sun at one focus Second law- planets move faster in their orbits when closer to the sun Third law- relates the distance of a planet from the sun to the time it takes to go once around its orbit.
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What is gravity?
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Force of attraction between an object that is due to the masses and the distance between them.
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What is an orbit?
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A path that a body follows as it travels around another body in space.
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What is aphelion?
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When an object is farther away from the sun.
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What is prehelion?
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When the object is closest to the sun.
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What is centripetal force?
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The path that a body follows as it travels around another body in space.
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What is the solar nebula?
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A cloud of dust and gas that formed the solar system.
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What are planetesimals?
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Small bodies that formed the planets.
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What are terrestrial planets?
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The inner planets that are closer to the sun.
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What are the gas giant planets?
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The planets that were formed in the outer disk that have deep atmospheres of gas and ice.
