Astronomy Chapter 2 Moodle – Flashcards
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The principal culture that transferred Greek astronomical knowledge to Renaissance Europe was:
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Islamic
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Which was a contribution to astronomy made by Copernicus?
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He laid out the order and relative motion of the known solar system.
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Which of these was NOT seen telescopically by Galileo?
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stellar parallax
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Which of the following was NOT a contribution of Galileo to astronomy?
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The changing appearance of Saturn's rings corresponds to our seasons.
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Which of the following is a contribution to astronomy made by Galileo?
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All of the above.
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The most accurate Greek attempt to explain planetary motion was the model of:
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Ptolemy
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Galileo found the rotation period of the Sun was approximately:
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a month
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Tycho Brahe's contribution to Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion was:
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his detailed and accurate observations of the planet's position.
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The most famous prehistoric astronomical observatory is:
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stonehenge
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What contribution to astronomy was made by Tycho Brahe?
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His observations of planetary motion with great accuracy proved circular orbits could not work.
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The place in a planet's orbit that is closest to the Sun is called:
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perihelion
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Today we rely largely on what technique to precisely measure distances in the solar system?
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radar echo timings
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The Law of Universal Gravitation was developed by:
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Newton
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According to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, if the Moon were three times further from Earth, the force by Earth on the Moon would:
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decrease by a factor of 9.
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How much stronger is the gravitational pull of the Sun on Earth, at 1 AU, than it is on Saturn at 10 AU?
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100x
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Which of these was a contribution of Newton to astronomy?
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all of the above
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Jupiter lies about 5 A.U. from the Sun, so at its distance
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the Sun's gravity is 25 times weaker than its pull on the Earth.
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Orbital speed is the speed with which a planet moves around the Sun. This speed is determined by:
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the mass of both the planet and the Sun and the distance between the two.
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Escape velocity is the speed required to:
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overcome the gravitational pull of an object.
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The Ptolemaic model of the universe:
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explained and predicted the motions of the planets with deferents and epicycles.
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Scientists today do not accept the Ptolemaic model because:
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the work of Tycho and Kepler showed the heliocentric model was more accurate.
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The heliocentric model was actually first proposed by:
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Aristarchus
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Kepler determined the shape of each planet's orbit by triangulation from different points on Earth's orbit, using observations made at many different times of the year.
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true
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kepler's 3 laws
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The path of the planets about the sun is elliptical in shape, with the center of the sun being located at one focus. (The Law of Ellipses) An imaginary line drawn from the center of the sun to the center of the planet will sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time. (The Law of Equal Areas) The ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their average distances from the sun. (The Law of Harmonies)
