Intro to Chem Exam 3 – Flashcards
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| Compounds |
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| when two or more elements combine together |
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| Chemical bonds |
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| the atoms of compounds are connected by |
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| Octet |
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| is formed when an element has eight valence electrons |
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| Atom with an octet is |
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| stable |
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| exception for stable atoms and octets is |
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| He which is stable with 2 electrons because the n=1 energy level is completely filled |
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| octet rule |
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| atoms form compounds by gaining, loosing,or sharing electrons to acquire an octet of eight valence electrons. |
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| Two types of compounds |
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| ionic compounds covalent compounds |
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| ionic compounds |
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| between a metal and a nonmetal |
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| covalent compounds |
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| between two or more nonmetals |
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| covalent compounds are formed by the |
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| sharing of valence electrons between atoms of nonmetals |
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| two shared electrons a (shared pair) form a |
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| single covalent bond |
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| with covalent bonds |
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| each atom acquires an octet |
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| how many atoms in the prefix mono |
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| 1 |
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| how many atoms in the prefix di |
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| 2 |
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| how many atoms in the prefix tri |
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| 3 |
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| how many atoms in the prefix tetra |
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| 4 |
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| how many atoms in the prefix penta |
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| 5 |
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| how many atoms in the prefix hexa |
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| 6 |
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| how many atoms in the prefix hepta |
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| 7 |
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| how many atoms in the prefix octa |
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| 8 |
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| how many atoms in the prefix nona |
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| 9 |
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| how many atoms in the prefix deca |
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| 10 |
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| how many elements are diatomic elements |
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| 7 |
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| diatomic elements are |
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| elements of the same sort which share a covalent bond |
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| Ionic compounds |
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| are formed between a metal and nonmetal |
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| Ionic compounds are formed by |
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| completely transferring all valence electrons from the metal to the nonmetal |
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| Cation are formed in ionic compounds because |
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| the metal has given the nonmetal its valence electrons leaving more protons then electrons |
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| Cations are charged |
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| positive |
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| Nonmetals in ionic compounds form an |
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| anion ion which is negative because it now has more electrons then neutrons |
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| Electrostatic forces |
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| ions with opposite charges are held together by this |
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| Positive ions |
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| cations |
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| metals ionization energy |
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| is low meaning it is easy to remove electrons |
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| Metals form positive ions or cations by |
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| loosing all of their valence electrons |
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| Negative ions are known as |
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| Anions |
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| a negative ion is formed by |
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| gaining electrons |
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| cation -metal ion is named |
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| (the name of the element) ion |
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| Anion- nonmetal ion is named by |
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| changing the end of the name of the element to ide |
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| Anions in group 5A have |
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| 3- charge |
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| Anions in group 6A have |
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| 2- charge |
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| Anions in group 7A have |
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| 1- charge |
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| Noble gases can't from anions because |
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| there octets are full |
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| ionic compounds |
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| are neutral |
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| Name all the Diatomic Molecules |
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| Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine |
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| Name the Ionic Compound NaCl |
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| sodium chloride |
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| Name the Ionic Compound K2S |
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| potassium sulfide |
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| Name the Ionic Compound MgO |
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| magnesium oxide |
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| CaI2 |
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| calcium iodide |
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| Transition Metals form |
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| two or more positive ions |
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| Exception elements to transition metals |
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| Zinc, Cadmium, and Silver only make one ion |
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| Polyatomic Ions |
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| is a group of covalently bonded atoms |
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| Polyatomic Ions charges |
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| an overall ionic charge |
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| Polyatomic ions can be |
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| an anion (-) or cation + |
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| More oxygen means |
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| ate |
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| less oxygen means |
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| ite |
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| in a chemical change |
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| reacting substances form new substances with different compositions and properties a chemical reaction occurs |
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| a chemical change produces |
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| one or more new substances |
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| in a chemical change the composition |
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| of one or more substances is changed |
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| in a chemical change old bonds |
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| are broken and new bonds are formed |
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| Atoms in the reacting substances are |
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| rearranged to form one or more different substances |
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| chemical reactions are represented |
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| by chemical equations |
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| Chemical equations are written with |
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| the reactants on the right and the products on the right |
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| this symbol (+) means |
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| separates two or more formulas |
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| this symbol means -------------> |
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| Reacts to form products |
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| this symbol (triangle) means |
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| reactants are heated |
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| this symbol (s) means |
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| solid |
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| this symbol (l) means |
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| liquid |
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| this symbol (g) means |
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| gas |
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| this symbol (aq) means |
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| aqueous |
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| combination reactions are |
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| two or more elements or simple compounds form one product |
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| Decomposition reactions |
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| one substance splits into two or more simpler substances |
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| Single replacement reactions |
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| Free element takes the place of a different element in a reacting compound |
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| Double replacement reactions |
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| the positive ions or cations of compounds exchange places |
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| Combustion Reactions |
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| a compound or element such as carbon reacts with oxygen EX fuel is burned and oxygen is produce |
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| In a balanced equation |
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| atoms are not gained or lost total number of atoms of each element is the same in the reactants and in the products |
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| A buffer is |
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| substance that maintains a constant pH |
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| The resists |
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| a change in the pH upon the addition of a acid or base |
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| Buffers neutralize |
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| a small amount of the added acid or base |
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| The human body contains buffer |
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| buffers that help a pH of 7.4 in the blood |
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| A buffer solution contains |
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| a weak acid and its salt |
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| A buffer may also contain |
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| a weak base and its salt |
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| A buffer typically has equal |
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| concentrations of a weak acid (or base) and its salt |
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| A neutralization reaction |
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| an acid such as HCI and a base such as NaOH react with each other |
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| The H+ from the acid and the OH- from The H+ from the acid and the OH- from the base combine to form |
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| water as a product |
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| In the equation for neutralization |
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| an acid and a base produce a salt and water |
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| Acids react with some metals |
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| to give a salt and hydrogen gas |
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| Acids react with carbonates and bicarbonates |
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| to give carbonic acid and a salt |
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| Carbonic acid further breaks down |
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| to carbon dioxide and water |
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| The pH scale is used |
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| to indicate the acidity of a solution |
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| The pH scale range is from |
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| 0-14 |
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| a neutral solution has a pH |
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| of 7 |
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| An acidic solution has a pH |
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| less then 7 |
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| A base solution has a pH |
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| greater then 7 |
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| Strong bases completely ionizes into |
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| OH- in the water |
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| bases produce |
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| OH- Ions in water |
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| Most bases are from groups |
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| 1 2 |
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| Bases taste |
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| bitter |
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| bases neutralize |
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| acids |
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| Acids produce |
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| H+ ions in water |
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| Acids have a |
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| sour taste |
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| acids neutralize |
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| bases |
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| Acids turn litmus |
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| to red |
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| bases turn litmus paper |
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| blue |
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| Strong acids completely ionizes |
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| into H+ in water |
