Honors Chemistry Midterm Review – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| Density |
answer
| Denisty = Mass / Volume |
question
| Matter |
answer
| Anything that has mass and takes up space |
question
| Pure Substance |
answer
| Matter with the same fixed composition and properties |
question
| Element |
answer
| Simplest form of matter, composed of only one type of atom |
question
| Compound |
answer
| A chemical combination of 2 or more elements in a fixed proportion |
question
| Organic |
answer
| Carbon-based |
question
| Mixture |
answer
| A combination of 2 or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not charged |
question
| Heterogenous |
answer
| Not mixed the same throughout |
question
| Homogenous |
answer
| Mixed the same throughout |
question
| Solute |
answer
| What is being dissolved Occurs in the lesser extent |
question
| Solvent |
answer
| What is doing the dissolving Occurs to the greater extent |
question
| Physical Change |
answer
| A change in which the same substance is present before and after the change |
question
| Chemical Change |
answer
| A rearrangement of atoms and/or molecules to form one or more new substances with new properties |
question
| Physical Property |
answer
| A characteristic of matter that is exhibited without a change in identity |
question
| Chemical Property |
answer
| A property that can only be observed when there is a change in the composition of a substance |
question
| Extensive Physical Property |
answer
| Does depend on the amount of matter |
question
| Intensive Physical Property |
answer
| Does not depend on the amount of matter present |
question
| Distillation |
answer
| A technique used to separate liquids based on their boiling points |
question
| Fractional Crystallization |
answer
| The separation of substances by their solubility |
question
| Bond |
answer
| The force holding atoms together in a compound or molecule |
question
| Molecule |
answer
| Two or more atoms bonded together |
question
| Compound |
answer
| Two or more different atoms bonded together |
question
| Diatomic Elements |
answer
| H O N Cl Br I F |
question
| Covalent Bond |
answer
| Involves the sharing of electrons |
question
| Linus Pawling |
answer
| Came up with electronegativity |
question
| Electronegativity |
answer
| Attraction of an atom for a shared pair of electrons |
question
| Bond Axis |
answer
| Line joining the nuclei of 2 bonded atoms in a molecule |
question
| Molecular Motion |
answer
| Symmetric, Asymmetric, Bending, Rotating |
question
| VSEPR Theory |
answer
| Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Predicts the 3D shape of molecules |
question
| Hybrid Orbitals |
answer
| Equivalent orbitals formed from orbitals of different energies |
question
| Hybridization |
answer
| The merging of 2 or more unlike orbitals to form an equal number of identical orbitals in an atom |
question
| Sigma Bonds |
answer
| A bond formed by the direct or end to end overlap of atomic hybrid orbitals |
question
| Pi Bonds |
answer
| Bond formed by the sideways overlap of P orbitals (Not hybridized) |
question
| Polyatomic ions |
answer
| Atoms are covalently bonded but the molecule has an overall charge |
question
| Delocalized Electrons |
answer
| Free to move easily from one atom to the next throughout the metal and don't belong to any particular atom |
question
| Intermolecular Forces |
answer
| Forces between molecules |
question
| Intramolecular Forces |
answer
| Forces within a molecules |
question
| Dipole-Dipole Forces |
answer
| Force of attraction between polar molecules |
question
| London Forces |
answer
| At any given instant, the distribution of electrons may be unequal and the positive nucleus of 1 atom may be attracted to the electrons of another |
question
| Momentary Dipole |
answer
| A temporary uneven distribution of electronic charge between an atom at any given instant |
question
| Vander Waal's Forces |
answer
| Collective name for all intermolecular Forces |
question
| Avogadro's Number |
answer
| 6.02 x 10^23 = 1 mole of something |
question
| Molecular Formula |
answer
| The actual formula for a compound |
question
| Empirical Formula |
answer
| The lowest ratio of atoms in a compound |
question
| Einstein's Theory of Matter and Energy |
answer
| E = mc^2 |
question
| Planck's Quantum Theory |
answer
| E = h(V shaped frequency thing) |
question
| Speed of Light |
answer
| c = (Branch thingy for wavelength)(V shaped frequency thing) |
question
| Newtonian Mechanics |
answer
| Describes the behavior of visible objects at ordinary velocities |
question
| Quantum Mechanics |
answer
| Describes the behavior of very small objects at speeds near the speed of light |
question
| Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle |
answer
| It is impossible to know both the exact position and momentum of an electron simultaneously |
question
| Orbital |
answer
| Where electrons are located (clouds) An orbital can hold 2 electrons |
question
| Sublevel |
answer
| Contain all the orbitals of a given shape |
question
| Aufbau Principle |
answer
| An electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it |
question
| Hund's Rule |
answer
| Electrons must occupy all of the given orbitals of a sublevel singularly before pairing begins |
question
| Octet Rule |
answer
| An atom with 8 electrons in its outermost shell is considered stable |
question
| Doberiener |
answer
| Noticed that Ca, Ba, and Sr all had similar properties and that the mass of Sr was about half-way between Ca and Ba TRIADS |
question
| John Newlands |
answer
| Law of Octaves Table with 7 rows of 7 |
question
| Mendeleev |
answer
| Order of increasing mass with 7 in the first two rows and 17 after that |
question
| Henry Moseley |
answer
| Made table in order of atomic number |
