chemistry final exam review – Flashcards
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| According to the kinetic-molecular theory, particles of matter a-have different colors b-are in constant motion c-are always fluid d-have different shapes |
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| B |
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| An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas... a-made of motionless particles b-whose particles have zero mass c-that conforms to all the assumptions of the kinetic theory d-not made of particles |
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| C |
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| Unlike an ideal gas, in a real gas... a-all particles move in the same direction b-the particles cannot diffuse c-the particles exert attractive forces on each other d-all particles have the same kinetic energy |
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| C |
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| According to the kinetic-molecular theory, which is the most significant difference between gases and liquids? a-the mass of each particle b-the distance between the particles c-the shapes of the particles d-the type of collision that occurs between particles |
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| B |
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| Which is an example of gas diffusion? a-a cylinder of oxygen stored under high pressure b-the odor of perfume spreading throughout a room c-inflating a flat tire d-all of the above |
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| B |
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| which is an example of effusion? a-helium dispersing into a room after a balloon pops b-oxygen and gasoline fumes mixing in an automobile carburetor c-air slowly escaping from a pinhole on a tire d-the aroma of a cooling pie spreading across a room |
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| C |
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| Why does the air pressure inside the tires of a car increase when the car is driven? a-some of the air has leaked out b-the atmosphere compresses the tire c-the air particles inside the tire increase their speed because their temperature rises d-the air particles collide with the tire after the car is in motion |
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| C |
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| What is the process by which molecules of a gas randomly encounter and pass through a small opening in a container? a-diffusion b-osmosis c-distillation d-effusion |
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| D |
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| What does the constant bombardment of gas molecules against the inside walls of a container produce? a-pressure b-density c-temperature d-diffusion |
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| A |
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| The intermolecular forces between particles are.... a-weaker in solids than in liquids b-stronger in gases that in solids c-equal in strength in gases and in liquids d-stronger in liquids than in gases |
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| D |
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| Which of these best describes vaporization? a-the process by which a liquid changes to a gas b-the process by which a solid changes to a gas c-Both (a) and (b) d-neither (a) nor (b) |
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| A |
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| Which term best describes the process by which particles escape from the surface of a non-boiling liquid and enter the gas state? a-sublimation b-evaporation c-surface tension d-aeration |
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| B |
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| Which of these can happen due to decreasing the average energy of a liquid's particles? a-vaporization b-evaporation c-a random arrangement d-freezing |
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| D |
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| Molecules at the surface of a liquid can enter the vapor phase only if.... a-equilibrium has not been reached b-the concentration of the vapor is zero c-their energy is high enough to overcome the attractive forces in the liquid d-condensation is not occurring |
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| C |
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| Why would a camper near the top of Mt. Everest find that water boils at less than 100 degrees Celsius? a-there is greater atmospheric pressure than at sea level b-the flames are hotter at that elevation c-there is less atmospheric pressure than at sea level d-the atmosphere has less moisture |
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| A |
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| Glycerol boils at a slightly higher temperature than water. This reveals that glycerol's attractive forces are.... a-nonexistent b-weaker than those of water c-the same as those of water d-stronger than those of water |
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| D |
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| During boiling, the temperature of a liquid... a-remains constant b-increases c-decreases d-approaches water's boiling point |
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| B |
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| Who developed that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of their partial pressures? a-Charles b-Boyle c-Kelvin d-Dalton |
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| D |
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| Which of the following has components in a nonuniform arrangement? a-homogeneous mixture b-solution c-salt water d-heterogeneous mixture |
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| D |
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| Which mixture contains visible particles that settle out unless the mixture is stirred? a-a colloid b-a homogeneous mixture c-a solution d-a suspension |
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| D |
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| Which mixture contains particles that are in a dispersed phase and do not settle out? a-a colloid b-a homogeneous mixture c-a solution d-a suspension |
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| A |
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| A metal solution is a(n) a-colloid b-alloy c-suspension d-emulsion |
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| B |
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| Colloids... a-can be separated by filtering b-settle out when allowed to stand c-scatter light d-contain particles larger than 1000 nm |
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| C |
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| A substance whose water solution is a good conductor of electricity is a(n)... a-nonelectrolyte b-electrolyte c-nonpolar substance d-solute |
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| B |
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| Which of the following is an electrolyte? a-sodium chloride b-sugar c-pure water d-glass |
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| B |
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| Which of the following is a nonelectrolyte? a-sodium chloride b-hydrogen chloride c-sugar d-potassium chloride |
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| A |
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| Increasing the surface area of the solute.... a-increases the rate of dissolution b-decreases the rate of dissolution c-has no effect on the rate of dissolution d-can increase, decrease, or have no effect on the rate of dissolution |
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| C |
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| Which of the following will dissolve most slowly? a-large salt crystals in unstirred water b-large salt crystals in stirred water c-small salt crystals in unstirred water d-small salt crystals in stirred water |
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| A |
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| Raising solvent temperature causes a solvent-solute collisions to become.... a-less frequent and more energetic b-more frequent and more energetic c-less frequent and less energetic d-more frequent and less energetic |
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| B |
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| If the amount of solute present in a solution at a given temperature is given temperature is less than the maximum amount that can dissolve at that temperature, the solution is said to be.... a-saturated b-unsaturated c-supersaturated d-concentrated |
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| B |
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| "Like dissolves like" is a very general rule used for predicting whether.... a-one substance will form a solution with another b-one substance will react with another c-a reaction will reach equilibrium d-a mixture will contain two or three phases |
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| A |
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| Which of the following is an example of a polar solvent? a-carbon tetrachloride b-benzene c-water d-gasoline |
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| C |
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| During the dissolving process, which particles interact? a-solute only b-solvent only c-solute and solvent d-none of the above |
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| C |
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| Pressure has the greatest effect on the solubility of... a-solids and liquids b-liquids in liquids c-gases in gases d-gases in liquids |
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| B |
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| The solubility of gases in liquids.... a-increases with increasing pressure b-cannot reach equilibrium c-decreases with increasing pressure d-does not depend on pressure |
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| D |
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| Henry's law relates... a-pressure to temperature b-pressure to gas-liquid solubility c-temperature to gas-liquid solubility d-pressure to liquid-solid solubility |
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| B |
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| As temperature increases, solubility of gases in liquids.... a-increases b-decreases c-can increase d-is not affected |
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| B |
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| In the precipitation video (wow), he used lots of carbonates, phosphates, and hydroxides as they.... a-almost always form a precipitate b-form a side variety of colors c-were coincidently chosen d-are inexpensive |
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| A |
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| Electrolytes affect colligative properties differently than do nonelectrolytes because electrolytes.... a-produce more moles of solute particles per mole of solute b-produce fewer moles of solute particles per mole of solute c-have lower boiling points d-are easily evaporated |
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| A |
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| In the NaClNOSO chart, the "SO" stands for.... a-solubility b-none of the answers are correct c-spectator d-SO4 |
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| D |
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| A precipitation reaction is a type of.... a-polyatomic ion dissociation b-combustion reaction c-acid base reaction d-double displacement reaction |
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| D |
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| Sugar is not an electrolyte because... a-is too large b-it has covalent bonds c-it does ionize in solution d-it has ionic bonds |
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| C |
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| Why is a freezing-point depression a colligative property? a-it is inversly proportional to the molal concentration of a solution b-it is directly proportionla to the molal concentration of a solution c-it depends on the properites of an electrolyte in a solvent d-it does not depend on a molal freezing-point constant for each solvent |
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| B |
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| Colligative properties depend on.... a-the boiling point and freezing point of the solution b-the identity of the solute particles c-the concentration of the solute particles d-the physical properties of the solute particles |
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| C |
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| Ionization is different that dissociation. This is because ionization involves... a-formation of ions from a molecule with covalent bonds b-sharing of electrons c-transferring of electrons d-dissociation of ions form a compound with ionic bonds |
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| D |
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| For properties that are colligative such as boiling point, the solute particles... a-break apart the solvent H-bonds b-prevent the solvent molecules from leaving the surface of the solution c-make strong covalent bonds that reuire more heat to break d-form a "skin" over the solution |
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| B |
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| A precipitation reaction must form a.... a-liquid or a solid b-liquid and another reaction c-two precipitates d-solid and another reaction |
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| A |
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| When writing net ionic equations, a-write all compounds b-none of the answers are correct c-leave the spectators out of the equation d-leave the precipitates out of the equation |
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| C |
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| In order for two compounds to react they must... a-form a solid or a liquid b-all answers are correct c-both be soluble d-collide |
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| B |
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| Acetic acid is found in.... a-lemons b-vinegar c-sour milk d-apples |
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| B |
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| Aqueous solutions of acids a-contain only two different elements b-carry electricity c-have very high boiling points d-cannot be prepared |
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| B |
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| An acid ending with the suffix -ic produces an anion with the a-suffix -ate b-suffix -ite c-prefix hydro- d-suffix -ous |
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| A |
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| Which acid is produced in the stomach? a-hydrochloric acid b-phosphoric acid c-nitric acid d-sulfuric acid |
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| A |
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| Which acid is found in vinegar? a-acetic acid b-nitric acid c-phosphoric acid d-hydrochloric acid |
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| A |
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| An Arrhenius acid contains... a-hydrogen that does not ionize b-hydrogen that ionizes to form hydrogen ions c-oxygen that ionizes to form hydroxide ions d-oxygen that ionizes to form oxygen ions |
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| B |
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| Which of the following is NOT a strong acid? a-HNO3 b-CH3COOH c-H2SO4 d-HCl |
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| B |
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| In water, hydroxides of Group 2 metals.... a-are all strong bases b-are all weak bases c-are all acids d-are nonelectrolytes |
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| A |
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| Which of the following is a triprotic acid? a-H2SO4 b-CH3COOOH c-HCl d-H3PO4 |
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| D |
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| A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a(n) a-electron pair acceptor b-electron pair donor c-proton acceptor d-proton donor |
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| B |
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| A species that remains when an acid has lost a proton is a.... a-conjugate base b-conjugate acid c-strong base d-strong acid |
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| A |
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| The members of a conjugate acid-base pair.... a-appear on the same side of the chemical equation b-appear on opposite sides of the chemical equation c-might appear on the same side or on opposite sides of the equation d-are not included in the chemical equation |
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| B |
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| In a conjugate acid-base pair, the acid typically has.... a-one more proton than the base b-one fewer proton than the base c-two fewer protons than the base d-the same number of protons as the base |
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| A |
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| An amphoteric species is one that reacts as a(n).... a-acid only b-base only c-acid or base d-none of the above |
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| C |
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| Pure water partially breaks down into charged particles in a process called.... a-hydration b-hydrolysis c-self-ionization d-dissociation |
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| C |
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| As a general rule, the entropy of a solid is.... a-less than that of a liquid b-zero c-more than that of a gas d-more than that of a liquid |
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| A |
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| For an exothermic reaction, delta H is always.... a-zero b-positive c-small d-negative |
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| D |
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| In water, hydroxides of Group 2 metals.... a-are all strong bases b-are all weak bases c-are all acids d-are nonelectrolytes |
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| A |
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| What is the difference between the enthalpies of the products and the reactants? a-delta G b-delta S c-H d-delta H |
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| D |
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| What is the symbol for Gibb's free-energy change? a-delta G b-delta T c-delta S d-delta H |
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| A |
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| Delta H= a-Hproducts-Hreactants b-Hreactants-Hproducts c-Hproducts/Hreactants d-Hreactant+Hproducts |
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| A |
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| As a general rule, the entropy of a solid is.... a-less than that of a liquid b-zero c-more than that of a gas d-more than that of a liquid |
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| A |
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| For an exothermic reaction, delta H is always.... a-zero b-positive c-small d-negative |
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| D |
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| If a reaction is endothermic, which side of the reaction should the heat energy by written? a-products b-depends on the entropy c-reactants d-can not be determined |
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| C |
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| If a piece of aluminum is heated from 30.0 degrees Celsius, what is the value of delta T a-20.0 K b-0.0 K c- -20.0 K d-Cannot be determined from the information given |
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| A |
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| Which of the following substances has the highest entropy? a-crushed ice b-steam c-liquid water d-ice water |
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| B |
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| Which of the following is a measure of the randomness in a system? a-enthalpy b-free energy c-temperature d-entropy |
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| D |
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| Which of the following has the highest entropy when produced in a reaction? a-a solid b-a liquid c-a gas d-an aqueous solution |
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| C |
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| What is the symbol for entropy? a-G b-T c-S d-H |
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| C |
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| Which of the following systems has the lowest entropy? a-oil floating in a container of water b-sand mixed in a container of water c-salt dissolved in a container of water d-a container of frozen water |
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| D |
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| Which of the following best describes temperature? a-energy of change b-energy as heat absorbed or released in a chemical or physical change c-a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter d-energy in the form of heat |
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| C |
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| As ice melts, the water molecules... a-stya ordered the same as in ice b-go from a less-ordered phase to a more-ordered phase c-go from a well-ordered phase to a less-ordered phase d-none of the above |
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| C |
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| The quantity of energy released or absorbed as heat during a chemical reaction is called the.... a-enthalpy of reaction b-entropy c-temperature d-free energy |
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| A |
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| Energy is measured in units of... a-kelvin b-joules c-grams d-pounds |
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| B |
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| delta H is always positive for a.... a-spontaneous reaction b-endothermic reaction c-nonspontaneous reaction d-exothermic reaction |
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| B |
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| An equation that includes the quantity of energy released or absorbed as energy in the form of heat during the reaction is a(n).... a-thermochemical equation b-kinetic equation c-energetic equation d-temperature equation |
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| A |
