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Jonathan Edwards

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brilliant New England theologian who instigated the Great Awakening; famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an angry God"

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Benjamin Franklin

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author, scientist, printer; "the first civilized American"

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Michel-Guillaume de Crevecoeur

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French settler who posed the question the question of what American is after seeing the people in America like he had never seen before

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George Whitefield

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itinerant British evangelist who spread the Great Awakening throughout the colonies

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John Peter Zenger

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colonial printer whose case helped begin freedom of the press

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Phillis Wheatley

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former slave who became a poet at an early age

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John Singleton Copely

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colonial painter who studied and worked in Britain

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John Trumbull

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American artist, painted the Declaration of Independence which is on the back of the $2 bill

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Charles Wilson Beale

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American artist who practiced dentistry, ran a museum, stuffed birds, and made portraits of George Washington

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Benjamin West

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American painter who had to go to London to finish his artistic training, close friend of George II and the court painter

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Jacob Arminius

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Dutch theologian who preached that individual free will would determine a person's fate (against Predestination)

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Andrew Hamilton

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Scottish lawyer who had a legal victory on behalf printer and newspaper publisher John Peter Zenger

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Paxton Boys

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scots irish frontiersman who protested against colonial elites of Pennsylvania and NC

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Great Awakening

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spectacular, emotional religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s

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Anglicans

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established religion in southern colonies and NY; weakened by lackadaisical clergy and too close ties with British crown

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rack renting

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when an owner of land rents out space and steadily increases the price

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Regulator movement

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rebellious movement of frontiersman in the southern colonies that included future President Andrew Jackson (sparked by the Paxon Boys) (North Carolina)

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old lights

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orthodox clergymen / skeptical of emotionalism and theatrical antics of revivalists during the Great Awakening

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new lights

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ministers that defend the Great Awakening and worked to revitalize American religion

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triangular trade

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small but profitable trade route that linked New England, Africa, and the West Indies

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Molasses Act

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attempt by British authorities to squelch colonial trade with the French West Indies (they were buying Molasses)

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Scots-Irish

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group that settled the frontier, made whiskey, and hated the British and other governmental authorities

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naval stores

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tar, pitch, rosin, and turpentine; stimulated production of ships

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praying towns

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term for New England settlements where Indians from various tribes were gathered to be Christianized

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almshouses

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home for the poor, supported by charity or public funds

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jayle birds

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popular term for convicted criminals dumped on colonies by British authorities

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taverns

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popular colonial centers of recreation, gossip, and political debate

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Congregational Church

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puritan church system where everyone gets a vote on issues at the church

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presbyterian

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protestant denomination adhering to the views of John Calvin (scots- irish denomination)

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Arminians

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followers of Dutch theologian Jacob Arminius who preached that individual free will determined a persons fate

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heresies

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statements that go against what the priest, church, and God says

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rum

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made of molasses

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all of the following are reasons the thirteen Atlantic seaboard colonies sought independence EXCEPT

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D. distinctive ethnic or racial structures

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identify the statement that is FALSE

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D. by 1775, the black population rose to over 1 million

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one feature common to all of the eventually rebellious colonies was their

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D. rapidly growing populations

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as a result of the rapid population growth in colonial America during the 18th century

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A. a momentous shift occurred in the balance of power between the colonies and the mother country

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the population growth of the American colonies by 1775 is attributed mostly to

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E. the natural fertility of all Americans

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the average age of the American colonists in 1775 was

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E. 16

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by 1775, which of the following communities could NOT be considered a city in colonial America?

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E. Baltimore

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by the end of the 1700s, what was the percentage of people living in rural areas of colonial America

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E. 90%

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the Scots-Irish can best be described as

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A. pugnacious, lawless, and individualistic

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with regard to governmental authority, the Scots-Irish colonists

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C. cherished no love for the British or any other government

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an armed march in Philadelphia in 1764, protesting the Quaker oligarchy's lenient policy toward the Indians was known as

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B. March of the Paxton Boys

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in North Carolina, spearheaded by the Scotch-Irish, a small insurrection against eastern domination of the colony's affair was known as

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B. Regulator Movement

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by 1775, the __________ were the largest non-English ethnic group in colonial America

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A. Africans

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the population of the thirteen American colonies was

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B. perhaps the most diverse in the world, although it remained predominately Anglo-Saxon

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the South held about _____ percent of the slaves in the thirteen colonies of North America

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B. 90

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the most ethnically diverse region of colonial America was _________, whereas _________ was the least ethnically diverse

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D. the middle colonies, New England

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identify the statement that is FALSE (2)

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the population of the thirteen colonies, mainly Anglo-Saxon, was the least mixed to be found anywhere in the world

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colonial immigrants laid the foundations for a new multicultural American national identity by

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B. intermarrying with people from other ethnic groups

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in contrast to the seventeenth century, by 1775, colonial Americans

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A. had become more stratified into social classes

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on the eve of the American Revolution, social and economic mobility in the colonies decreased for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

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D. the average size of New England farms increased dramatically

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by the mid 1700s, the number of poor people in the American colonies

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D. remained tiny compared with the number in England

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in 1760, fearful of heavy concentrations of resentful slaves, which colonial legislature unsuccessfully sought to pass legislation that would halt the further importation of the slaves

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A. South Carolina

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how did British authorities respond to efforts by colonial legislatures to restrict or halt the importation of slaves?

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B. British leaders vetoed such efforts

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the riches created by the growing slave population in the American South

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D. were not distributed evenly among whites

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the most honored profession in early colonial society was

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C. the ministry

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the least honored profession in early colonial society was

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A. physician

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by the eighteenth century, the various colonial regions had distinct economic identities; the northern colonies relied on __________; the Chesapeake colonies and the southern colonies relied on ______, ___________.

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A. cattle and grain, tobacco, rice and indigo

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the leading industry in the American colonies was

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D. agriculture

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one of the surest avenues to speedy wealth in the American colonies was

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A. commercial ventures

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the Triangular Trade of the colonial American shipping industry

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E. involved the trading of rum for African slaves

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identify the statement that is FALSE

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A. the triangular trade was infamously profitable and made up most of the colonial commerce

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although manufacturing in the colonies was of only secondary importance, they did produce which of the following?

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E. all of these

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the most important manufacturing enterprise in colonial America in the eighteenth century was

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C. lumbering

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what proportion of the British marine fleet was American built

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B. one-third

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which of the following was NOT considered to be a naval store?

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E. glass

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one feature of the American economy that strained the relationship between the colonies and Britain was the

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B. growing desire of Americans to trade with other nations in addition to Britain

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the Molasses Act of 1733 was intended to

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C. inhibit colonial trade with the French West Indies

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American colonists sought to trade with other countries other that Great Britain

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E. to make money to buy what they wanted in Britain

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transportation in colonial America was

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C. slow by any of the means available

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colonial American taverns were all of the following EXCEPT

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A. frequently mainly by the lower class

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English officials tried to establish the Church of England in as many colonies as possible because

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B. the church would act as a major prop for royal authority

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in 1775, the _______ churches were the only two established (tax-supported) churches in colonial America

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C. Congregational and Anglican

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Match each denomination on the left with the region where it predominated A. Congregationalist 1. the frontier B. Anglican 2. New England C. Presbyterian 3. the South

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A. A-2; B-3; C-1

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as the Revolution approached, Presbyterian and Congregational ministers in general

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B. supported the Revolutionary cause

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by the early eighteenth century, religion in colonial America was

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D. less fervid than when the colonies intellectualism

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the main reason that Puritan churches were struggling in the early eighteenth century was because

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A. parishioners found their theological doctrines too elaborate

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the religious doctrine of the Arminians held that

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E. individual free will determined a person's eternal fate

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match each individual on the left with his or her talent A. Jonathan Edwards B. Benjamin Franklin C. Phyllis Wheatly 1. poet 2. scientist 3. theologian 4. portrait artist

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C. A-3; B-2; C-1

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the New Light preachers of the Great Awakening

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A. delivered intensely emotional sermons

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the Great Awakening

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E. all of these

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the time-honored English ideal, which Americans accepted for some time, regarded education as all of the following except

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A. essential training for citizenship

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to the Puritans, education was essential for

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A. reading the Bible

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colonial schools and colleges placed their main emphasis on

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E. religion

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the first American college free from denominational control was

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E. the University of Pennsylvania

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match the following description with the artist A. John Trumbull B. Charles Wilson Peale C. Benjamin West D. John Singleton Copley 1. regarded as a Loyalist during the Revolutionary War 2. best known for his portraits of George Washington, ran a museum, stuffed birds, and practiced dentistry 3. from Connecticut and was discouraged by his father as a youth, "Connecticut is not Athens" 4. close friend of George III and official court painter, was buried in London's St. Paul's Cathedral

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C. A-3; B-2; C-4; D-1

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all of the following contributed to the lack of development of art and artists in early colonial America

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C. lack of talent among the Americans

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culture in colonial America

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B. was generally ignored and unappreciated

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the person most often called the "first civilized American" was

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E. Benjamin Franklin

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all of the following are achievements of Benjamin Franklin EXCEPT

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B. influential poetry

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all of the following are true statements about colonial newspapers on the eve of the Revolution EXCEPT

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B. they were typically published twice a week

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the jury's decision in the case of John Peter Zenger, a newspaper printer, was significant because

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C. it pointed the way to freedom of the press

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one political principle that colonial Americans came to cherish above most others was

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D. self-taxation through representation

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by 1775, most governors of American colonies were

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B. appointed by the king

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colonial legislatures were often able to bend the power of the governors to their will because

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D. colonial legislatures controlled taxes and expenditures that paid the governor's salaries

question

in colonial elections

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B. the right to vote was reserved for property holders

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by the mid-eighteenth century, North American colonies shared all of the following similarities EXCEPT

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A. complete democracy

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colonists throughout the eighteenth century universally enjoyed all of the following amusements EXCEPT

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C. celebrating Christmas

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by 1775, population growth in the American colonies

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B. was causing the population to double about every twenty-five years C. was attributable more to reproduction than to immigration

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in 1775, most of the population in the American colonies

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A. lived east of the Allegheny Mountains B. lived in rural areas C. was under twenty-five years of age D. was of predominantly English stock

question

the rebelliousness and inclination toward violence of the Scots-Irish was demonstrated by

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B. the Paxton Boys in Philadelphia C. the Regulator Movement in North Carolina

question

trends the sapped the spiritual vitality from many early eighteenth-century churches included

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A. clerical intellectualism D. lay liberalism

question

leaders of the Great Awakening endorsed the concepts of

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B. divine omnipotence D. predestination

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in colonial New England, education was primarily

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A. for boys C. intended for religious instruction

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Benjamin Franklin (2)

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A. was the author of Poor Richard's Almanac B. celebrated the virtues of thrift, hard work, and common sense E. was a scientist

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colonial newspaper printer John Peter Zenger

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A. was accused of seditious libel B. was found innocent of the charges brought against him C. printed comments accusing the royal governor of corruption

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generally, in the eighteenth-century American colonies

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A. most people had sufficient food to stay healthy C. lotteries were a usual source of funds used for civic purposes E. labor was heavy and constant

question

by the mid-eighteenth century, Britain's North American colonies were similar in which of the following ways?

answer

A. opportunities for social mobility B. basically Protestant in religion C. some measurement of self-government E. basically English in language and custom

Jonathan Edwards, Benjamin Franklin, and Michel-Guillaume de Crevecoeur: Pioneers of America

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