Question 1

During depolarization, _________ molecules rush into the axon; during repolarization _________ molecules rush out of the axon.

Accepted Answer

sodium; potassium

Question 2

Anions are __________ charged molecules located _________ the axon.

Accepted Answer

negatively; inside

Question 3

The process by which a single neuron relays messages to other neurons is called:

Accepted Answer

synaptic transmission.

Question 4

In the process of communication between neurons, neurotransmitter molecules are released into the gap between neurons by the:

Accepted Answer

synaptic vesicles

Question 5

An axon is polarized when:

Accepted Answer

the inside of the axon is electrically negative with respect to the outside.

Question 6

Who discovered the synapse?

Accepted Answer

Sir Charles Sherrington

Question 7

Natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called:

Accepted Answer

endorphins.

Question 8

In a highly intelligent person\'s brain, the proportion of _______ cells to neurons would be expected to be higher than in the brain of a person of normal intelligence..

Accepted Answer

glial

Question 9

Botox injections smooth facial wrinkles because botulin is an ACh antagonist that blocks the underlying _________.

Accepted Answer

muscles

Question 10

You have been asked to give a brief lecture on neurons and action potential to a group of high school students. You use as a model to describe the chemistry-to-electricity process of the action potential and describe it as similar to the way:

Accepted Answer

batteries generate electricity.

Question 11

A number of antiepileptic medications work to increase _______, as low levels have been linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia.

Accepted Answer

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Question 12

Santiago Ramon y Cajal referred to _____________ as \"protoplasmic kisses\'.

Accepted Answer

synaptic gaps

Question 13

Oversupply of ________ can lead to migraines and seizures.

Accepted Answer

glutamate

Question 14

The correct order of the structures of the motor neuron is:

Accepted Answer

dendrites -> the cell body -> axon -> terminal branches of the axon.

Question 15

Marlee has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). As the disease progresses, communication to some of her muscles may slow down and she could lose some muscle control as a result of the degeneration of the:

Accepted Answer

myelin sheath

Question 16

Synapses were discovered and named by ___________.

Accepted Answer

Sir Charles Sherrington

Question 17

Matthew is paralyzed. It is likely his __________ transmission is blocked.

Accepted Answer

ACh (Acetylcholine) - Page 40

Question 18

Neurotransmitter is to _______ as neural receptor is to ______.

Accepted Answer

key; lock

Question 19

The peripheral nervous system includes _________, which carry/carries messages from the body to the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

sensory neurons

Question 20

The ________ gland triggers ovaries and testes to release sex hormones.

Accepted Answer

pituitary

Question 21

Which of the following does the autonomic nervous system most directly control?    - speech production  - bladder contractions  - thinking and memory  - movement of the arms and legs

Accepted Answer

bladder contractions

Question 22

If you were to compare the endocrine system and the body\'s electrochemical information system in terms of speed, you might call the former a _______ and the latter a _______.

Accepted Answer

tortoise; hare

Question 23

Leiko is paralyzed below the waist following an accident. Though her genitals do not respond to erotic images, she does experience an increase in vaginal lubrication in response to genital stimulation. Leiko has most clearly suffered damage to her:

Accepted Answer

spinal cord.

Question 24

A firefighter wakes in the middle of the night to the sound of an alarm. It is likely that her _____ have released epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Accepted Answer

adrenal glands

Question 25

A medical equipment company is thinking of expanding by developing lie-detection machines that measure perspiration, cardiovascular, and respiratory changes. On which of the following systems should their research focus?

Accepted Answer

the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 26

Joan was born without functioning ovaries. What do we know?    - She may need sex hormone replacement.    - None of these things are true.    - She will have difficulty urinating.    - She will be a man.

Accepted Answer

- She may need sex hormone replacement.

Question 27

Given the proportional amounts of the different types of neurons, the type of neuron you would be LEAST likely to worry about if you lost 100,000 of them would be a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

interneuron

Question 28

Normal people who have been blindfolded can name an object placed in their left hand because:

Accepted Answer

information about the object is transferred across the corpus callosum to the left hemisphere of the brain.

Question 29

A right-handed split-brain patient can most effectively assemble a puzzle with the __________ hand because the __________ hemisphere of the brain excels at spatial tasks.

Accepted Answer

left; right

Question 30

Evidence that the left hemisphere is especially effective at processing language is provided by the fact that split-brain patients are able to:

Accepted Answer

read words more easily when they are flashed briefly in their right rather than their left visual field.

Question 31

The left hemisphere of a split-brain patient receives visual input only from the ________ visual field of __________.

Accepted Answer

right; both right and left eyes.

Question 32

Right-handed split-brain patients are able to:

Accepted Answer

name unseen objects placed in their right hands, but not objects placed in their left hands.

Question 33

While some neural clusters in the _____ regulate hunger, other areas influence thirst, sleep, body temperature, and sexual behavior.

Accepted Answer

hypothalamas

Question 34

The _____ is responsible for heartbeat and breathing.

Accepted Answer

Medulla

Question 35

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in hearing?

Accepted Answer

temporal

Question 36

Research with split-brain patients suggests that the _____ typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors.

Accepted Answer

left cerebral hemisphere

Question 37

In his research on the limbic system, Dr. Harrington electrically stimulates the _____ of cats and then measures their rage and fear reactions.

Accepted Answer

amygdala

Question 38

A person who suffers a head trauma slightly above the ear is likely to have problems with bodily functions controlled by the _____ lobes.

Accepted Answer

temporal

Question 39

Greg starts to play baseball at the age of 6 and throws left-handed. He would have first exhibited his left hand dominance _____.

Accepted Answer

thumb-sucking in the womb

Question 40

The limbic system structure that influences aggression is called the:

Accepted Answer

amygdala

Question 41

The regions of the parietal lobes that are involved in mathematical and spatial reasoning are known as _____.

Accepted Answer

association areas

Question 42

Cynthia performs well above her grade level in mathematics. Researchers would conclude that her _____ hemiphere functions very well.

Accepted Answer

left

Question 43

The _____ is to sensory input as the registrar\'s office is to a college campus.

Accepted Answer

thalamus

Question 44

The _____ lobes of the cerebral cortex are most directly involved in touch and body position.

Accepted Answer

parietal

Question 45

Right-handed dominance in humans is:

Accepted Answer

seen throughout human history.

Question 46

Brain activity results in telltale electrical signals that can be detected by a(n):

Accepted Answer

electroencephalogram (EEG).

Question 47

A person who is having difficulty feeling touches and sensations most likely has a problem with his or her _____ lobes.

Accepted Answer

parietal

Question 48

Dr. Schoenfeld is a neurosurgeon working with patients who have major epileptic seizures. The part of the brain Dr. Schoenfeld should sever to help reduce his patients\' seizures is the _____.

Accepted Answer

corpus callosum

Question 49

Active neurons require _____ the way a car requires fuel.

Accepted Answer

glucose

Question 50

Jane took a hard fall backwards and banged her head while walking in the dark next to her house. She would be most likely to have problems associated with bodily functions controlled by the _____ lobe of the cerebral cortex.

Accepted Answer

occipital

Question 51

In 1949, Giuseppe Moruzzi and Horace Magoun severed a cat\'s _____ from higher brain regions; the cat lapsed into a permanent coma.

Accepted Answer

reticular formation

Question 52

A panel of primate experts observes a group of chimpanzees and bonobos over a period of a few days. The primates are most likely to be observed picking up an object with their _____ hands.

Accepted Answer

right

Question 53

Following a head injury, a person who has difficulty recognizing emotional responses in others MOST likely suffered damage to the _____.

Accepted Answer

amygdala

Question 54

If a cat\'s _____ is severed from the rest of the brain, it will stop engaging in purposefully climbing and eating, though it can still move.

Accepted Answer

brain stem

Question 55

Someone with a split brain will have trouble verbally identifying an object projected in their _____ visual field.

Accepted Answer

left

Question 56

A thermostat is to a house as the _____ is to the brain.

Accepted Answer

hypothalamus

Question 57

Paul, a construction worker, is walking quickly through his construction site and runs face-first into a low-hanging beam. He notices afterward that he has trouble forming words. Paul may have suffered an injury to his _____ lobe.

Accepted Answer

frontal

Question 58

Joe is experiencing vision problems after getting hit very hard in the back of the head during a hockey game. He likely has an injury to the _____ lobes of his cerebral cortex.

Accepted Answer

occipital

Question 59

Chromosomes are composed of _______.

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 60

Using the principles of natural selection, _____ psychology attempts to study how behavior and the mind have evolved.

Accepted Answer

evolutionary

Question 61

As environments become LESS similar, heredity becomes _____ important as a source of personality differences.

Accepted Answer

less

Question 62

A random error in gene replication that leads to a change is called a:

Accepted Answer

mutation

Question 63

You are in charge of hiring a cruise-ship social director and you want to pick someone who is very outgoing. Unfortunately, you only have information about the siblings of the potential candidates. Given what is known about the genetic transmission of outgoingness, which of the following candidates would you choose?    the candidate whose fraternal twin is outgoing  any candidate, because genes do not influence extraversion  the candidate whose identical twin is outgoing  the candidate whose older sister is outgoing

Accepted Answer

the candidate whose identical twin is outgoing

Question 64

Your professor, an evolutionary psychologist, suggests that the increasing problem of obesity in the United States might be attributable to our _____ predisposition to love the taste of sweets and fats. Although these foods were difficult for our ancestors to find, they helped them to survive famines. Now, these foods are easily available and Americans are eating too much of them.

Accepted Answer

genetic

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