History 8 CH 18 – Flashcards
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President Theodore Roosevelt distinguished between "good" and "bad" corporations, and in the Northern Securities Company case made his mark as a trust buster.
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Theodore Roosevelt's "New Nationalism" called for vigorous federal intervention in the economy, while Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom" called on government to stay out of business affairs.
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After 1910, mothers' pensions—aid given to mothers of young children who lacked male support—were established by many states; though, to be sure, the amounts of the monthly checks given to such mothers was small and often inadequate.
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During the Progressive Era, city managers and nonpartisan commissions ran many municipalities.
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Gifford Pinchot held that logging, mining, and grazing on public lands should be eliminated.
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The politics of Progressivism was almost solely a North American phenomenon.
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Another important example of federal intervention and a new activism on the part of the national government into the economy was passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) by which the federal government became the agent policing the labeling and quality of food and drugs.
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By 1900, more than 80,000 women in the United States had earned college degrees.
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By 1900, more than half of the states allowed women to vote on school issues, and four Western states allowed women full suffrage.
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An example of President Roosevelt's activism was his handling of the anthracite coal strike of 1902, in which he threatened a federal takeover of the mines.
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Massachusetts became the first state east of the Mississippi to allow women the right to vote in presidential elections.
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At times Progressives sought to expand popular democracy, and at times they sought to restrict it.
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The Underwood Tariff imposed a graduated income tax on the richest 5 percent of Americans.
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Feminists who supported mothers' pensions believed these pensions would empower single women.
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Theodore Roosevelt was the youngest president in American history.
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After 1900, the campaign for woman suffrage became a mass movement; membership in the American Woman Suffrage Association was more than 2 million by 1917.
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By 1913, twenty-two states had enacted workmen's compensation laws.
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By the 1910s, women worked not only as domestic servants, but also as office workers, telephone operators, and store clerks.
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The new radical "bohemia" that thrived in places like Greenwich Village explored fresh ways of thinking about politics, culture, and sexuality.
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The initiative, referendum, and recall were all early twentieth-century means by which democracy was expanded.
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The 1912 Progressive Party platform set out a blueprint for a modern welfare state.
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Julia Lathrop was the first woman to head a federal agency; in 1912 she took up leadership of the Children's Bureau.
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The first World Series was played in 1903.
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A significant step in the expansion of federal power over the economy was taken in 1906 with passage of the Hepburn Act, which allowed the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to set railroad rates.
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Mabel Dodge's New York living room was the location of a famed "salon" in which bohemian intellectuals and intelligentsia gathered to discuss issues of sexual liberation, modern trends in art, and labor unrest.
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"Social legislation" includes governmental action taken to address urban problems and the insecurities of working-class life.
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The Progressive era was a time of economic expansion that produced millions of new jobs and brought unprecedented material wealth to millions of Americans.
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One current of Progressive-era political thought promoted the view that experts—college professors and others able to apply scientific methods to modern social problems—ought to direct government policy.
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By 1910, almost 60 percent of workers in leading manufacturing and mining industries were foreign-born.
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The 1911, Triangle Fire was a fire in a triangular region of Massachusetts between the towns of Worcester, Boston, and Salem.
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In the early twentieth century, New York City was a center of finance, publishing, and entertainment, but there was almost no manufacturing going on in the city.
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The Sixteenth Amendment made the income tax constitutional.
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During the Progressive era, the Imperial Valley of California was transformed by irrigation and became a major area of commercial farming.
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As president, Theodore Roosevelt was determined to break up every business trust he could find.
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One of the main principles of Frederick W. Taylor's "scientific management" was the submission of workers to the dictates of their supervisors.
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Women reformers devoted little attention to labor conditions, regarding that as a "man's issue."
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In the Progressive Era, industry was on the rise and agriculture was in decline.
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Directly or indirectly, J. P. Morgan controlled 40 percent of the financial and industrial capital in the United States in the opening years of the twentieth century.
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Historians call the period of American history from the closing years of the nineteenth century into the second decade of the twentieth century the Progressive era.
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Immigrants from southern and eastern Europe showed little interest in emerging forms of popular entertainment such as amusement parks, dance halls, and nickelodeons.
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The Federal Reserve System (1913), and the Federal Trade Commission (1914) were major examples of the remarkable expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy during the Progressive Era.
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