APUSH Chapter 19: Intellectual and Cultural Trends – Flashcards

founded by John H. Vincent; began as a two week summer course at Lake Chautauqua for Sunday school teachers and gained popularity for many professions. Instruction in literature, science, government, and economics were a major part; the movement was a response to the effects of formal education on the children of Chautauqua's attendees.

publisher of the New York World which became a widely popular newspaper in New York; appealing to both men and women of every class.

publisher of the New York Journal which competed with the World for the most popular newspaper in New York. Hearst passed Pulitzer out of his aptitude for imitating Pulitzer's methods.

president of Harvard; in 1869, transformed the college system by adding the elective system, allowing students to borrow books from the library, and encouraging faculty to experiment with new teaching methods.

1862; provided funding for a number of universities including Illinois, Michigan State, and Ohio State; the schools were coeducational, the most developed and professional schools, and they experimented with extension work and summer programs.

the first important and large women's colleges; Vassar College (1865), Wellesley (1875), Smith (1875), Mount Holyoke (already established), Bryn Mawr (1885), Barnard (1889), Radcliffe (1893)

a force in the economists revolution in the 1880s; maintained that immutable natural laws governed all human behavior and which used the insights of Darwin only to justify unrestrained competition and laissez-faire.

the opposing force in the economists revolution in 1880s; argued that the state was an educational and ethical agency whose positive aid was necessary for human progress and that economic problems were moral ones whose solution required combined efforts of Church, state, and science. Also, they believed that the only way to study problems was by analyzing conditions not merely applying abstract laws or principles.

professor at University of Chicago who wrote The School and Society (1899). He was concerned with the implications of evolution for education, leader of progressive education.

1899; book by John Dewey analyzing the old schooling system and creating a new philosophy for the future of schooling. Stated that education should center on the child and new information should be related to what the child already knows as well as build character and teach good citizenship.

the ideas of John Dewey; main ideology was that education should center of the child, and new information should be related to what the child already knows; education should be an instrument of social reform, building character as well as teaching good citizenship in the transmission of knowledge.

wrote "the Significance of the Frontier on American History"; an essay of the concept of democracy evolving out of the American frontier life, was not accepted because of the frivolous assumptions made af the influence of the frontier.

1893; an analysis of how the American frontier was the chief creator of the American civilization and democracy; not accepted as a just theory because of frivolous assumptions made.

law reformer who stressed the rights of the people to govern with reasonability contemporary situations; believed that law should evolve as times and conditions changed.

First great American Realist; outstanding figure of western literature, which was having a rough time sustaining itself; created lifelike characters, used his own experience in his work, recognized the pretentiousness and meanness of human beings and combated it with witty stories.

realist writer, but different in spirit and background from most writers of his time; never achieved widespread popularity; major theme: the clash of American and European cultures, as well as issues of feminism and difficulties faced by artists in the modern world.

a realist painter who focused on anatomy and experimented with motion pictures; he glorified the ordinary in his paintings.

a philosophical system, chiefly associated with William James, that deemphasized abstraction and assessed ideas and cultural practices based on their practical affects; helped inspire political and social reform during the late 19th century.

most famous pragmatist writer; he took Charles Pierce's idea of pragmatism and put it into understandable language; one of his axioms was belief in free will and al truth was relative.