Child Development Final – MC Sect. 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
According to Piaget, the most obvious change during the preoperational stage is the increase in
answer
representational activity.
question
Piaget acknowledged that ___________ is our most flexible means of mental representation.
answer
language
question
Piaget believed that through __________, young children practice and strengthen newly acquired representational schemes.
answer
pretending
question
Tripp pretends to drink from a toy cup. Tripp's sister, Anna, takes the same cup and tells Tripp, "This is a hat." Tripp refuses to place the cup on his head to pretend that it is a hat. Tripp is probably
answer
younger than 2 years of age.
question
In early pretending, toddlers
answer
use only realistic objects.
question
Five-year-old Matthew and 6-year-old Jessica like to pretend that they live or work in a zoo. Often, Matthew will pretend to be an animal, such as an elephant and Jessica will pretend to be the zookeeper. This is an example of __________ play.
answer
sociodramatic
question
Children's creation of _________________ was once viewed as a sign of maladjustment, but current research challenges this assumption.
answer
imaginary companions
question
Three-year-olds Artie and Kurt had identical boxes of raisins at snack time. When Kurt poured his raisins out onto the table, Artie was sure that Kurt had more raisins. This demonstrates that Artie lacks
answer
conservation.
question
During a conservation-of-liquid task, when asked why he thinks there is more water in the taller glass, 5-year-old Gus points out that the water level is higher in the taller glass than in the shorter glass but neglects to mention that this change in height is compensated by changes in width. This example demonstrates a limitation of preoperational thought known as
answer
centration.
question
During a ________ task, 4-year-old Marissa is asked whether there are more oranges or fruits in a group of two apples, one banana, and three oranges. She will most likely say ________.
answer
class inclusion; there are more oranges
question
Four-year-old Martha uses shorter, simpler expressions when interacting with her 2-year-old brother. This example suggests that Piaget may have
answer
overestimated preschoolers' egocentrism.
question
Preschoolers' ability to reason about transformations is evident on
answer
tasks that require reasoning by analogy.
question
Follow-up research indicates that by the second half of the first year, children have formed a variety of global categories, such as animals and vehicles. These findings challenge Piaget's assumption that
answer
preschoolers' thinking is wholly governed by appearances.
question
When young children converse with adults, they ask
answer
more than one question per minute, on average.
question
Which of the following is true about parents' answers to their children's questions?
answer
Parents adjust the complexity of their answers to fit their children's maturity.
question
According to research, preschoolers' poor performance on appearance versus reality tasks occurs because they
answer
have trouble with the language of these tasks.
question
Vygotsky's theory stresses the __________ of cognitive development.
answer
social context
question
Most research indicates that young children use private speech
answer
when tasks are appropriately challenging.
question
Children who freely use private speech during a challenging activity are _________ than their less talkative agemates.
answer
more attentive
question
According to Vygotsky, which of the following is within a child's zone of proximal development?
answer
a task that a child cannot yet handle on her own, but can do with the help of an adult
question
Becca is making cookies all by herself after making them with the help of her mother many times in the past. Becca has learned this new skill through
answer
guided participation.
question
Which of the following is more likely to be seen in a Vygotskian, than a Piagetian, classroom?
answer
activities to foster peer collaboration
question
Vygotsky regarded make-believe play as an important source of cognitive development because it
answer
is rich in private speech.
question
Which of the following is a common criticism of Vygotsky's theory?
answer
It says too little about how basic cognitive skills contribute to socially transmitted higher cognitive processes.
question
Sustained attention typically begins to improve in toddlerhood because children's ability to __________ improves.
answer
inhibit impulses
question
Even preschoolers with good language skills recall poorly because they are not skilled at using
answer
memory strategies.
question
After a family camping trip, Rollie's mother asks him to tell his grandmother about the trip. Rollie's response represents
answer
autobiographical memory.
question
Children with autism
answer
have narrow and overly intense interests.
question
Studies of literacy development show that
answer
the more informal literacy experiences young children have, the better their later reading skills.
question
Eighteen-month-old Jazmin is offered sets of animal crackers. Each set contains 1, 2, or 4 crackers. Jazmin consistently picks the set with the most pieces, displaying a beginning grasp of
answer
ordinality.
question
Research using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) indicates that
answer
preschoolers who develop well intellectually have homes rich in educational toys and books.
question
Formal academic training during early childhood
answer
undermines young children's motivation and emotional well-being.
question
Studies on computer use in early childhood demonstrate that
answer
combining everyday and computer experiences with math manipulatives is especially effective in promoting math concepts and skills.
question
Research on pragmatics shows that by age 2, most children
answer
take turns in face-to-face interactions.
