question

Secondary drives, such as the need for money, are learned through experience.

answer

True

question

Ryan and Deci's self-determination theory asserts that the three primary human interpersonal needs are competence, relatedness and

answer

autonomy

question

According to Maslow's hierarchy, an individual with high aesthetic need seeks

answer

symmetry and beauty

question

Jimmy, a truck driver, feels it was his fate to drive trucks. He acquired the position through the recommendation of a friend, and seems relatively content going to work. Jimmy can be said to have

answer

an external locus of control

question

David Myers counsels people that one way to achieve happiness is to focus more on career achievements and material success.

answer

False

question

According to Lazarus's cognitive-mediational theory:

answer

the appraisal of a situation comes before both the physical arousal and the experience of the emotion.

question

"I am angry because I frown" is an example of:

answer

facial feedback hypothesis.

question

One of the contributions of the cognitive arousal theory of emotion is that it highlighted the importance of cognition in determining emotions.

answer

True

question

In Schachter and Singer's classic study of emotion, male student volunteers were told that they were going to:

answer

answer a questionnaire about their reactions to a new vitamin called Suproxin.

question

Which of the following examples describes the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?

answer

"I am afraid and running and aroused."

question

Several studies report that people with spinal cord injuries are capable of experiencing the same emotions after their injury as before, sometimes even more intensely.

answer

True

question

Pete was confronted by a large dog that growled at him. According to James-Lange theory, what was Pete's first response as a result of being confronted by this dog?

answer

Pete would have a physiological reaction.

question

Genes that enable people to store energy in the form of fat in anticipation of leaner times are believed to have been passed down from ancestors who lived as:

answer

hunter-gatherers.

question

Mandisa is an attractive 19-year-old girl recently diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Her weight loss is 40 percent below her expected body weight. Given this information, what would be the best form of treatment for Mandisa?

answer

hospitalization and psychological counseling for 2 to 4 months

question

There are all sorts of social cues that tell people to eat even when they are not really hungry.

answer

True

question

Adolescents have a very high basal metabolic rate and a lower weight set point than adults.

answer

True

question

The proponents of low-carbohydrate diets argue that if people control carbohydrate intake they can control their weight set point.

answer

False

question

Expectancy value theories assume that the actions of humans cannot be predicted without an understanding of people's:

answer

beliefs and values

question

Sensation seekers always gravitate toward situations that involve some danger.

answer

False

question

A stimulus motive is learned.

answer

False

question

According to psychologist Carol Dweck, a person's need for achievement is closely linked to that person's

answer

beliefs about control over his or her life

question

Xavier has a strong desire to succeed in attaining goals. He currently has a medical degree and is in the process of earning a law degree. Xavier has a:

answer

need for achievement.

question

The psychological tension that arises in an organism, and that motivates the organism to act to reduce the tension, is called:

answer

a drive.

question

One of the earliest approaches to motivation focused onmotivation focused on:

answer

biologically determined patterns of behavior.

question

Sometimes people are extrinsically motivated by the desire to avoid an unpleasant consequence.

answer

True

question

How does Lazarus's cognitive-mediational theory differ from the Schachter-Singer cognitive arousal theory?

answer

Lazarus's theory suggests that we appraise a stimulus first, then cognitively label the emotion, and then feel a physical response.

question

The desire to avoid an unpleasant consequence is an example of

answer

extrinsic motivation.

question

The level of weight that the body tries to maintain is known as

answer

weight set point.

question

Physiologically, the body responds to emotion with arousal created by the

answer

sympathetic nervous system.

question

Physiologically, the body responds to anger with

answer

higher heart rate and blood pressure.

question

Learned ways of controlling displays of emotion in social settings are known as

answer

display rules

question

The theory that we experience emotion first with physical arousal (e.g., increased heart rate, shaky hands) which then leads to awareness of the emotion is the

answer

James-Lange theory of emotion.

question

The theory of emotion that proposes that physical arousal and cognitive appraisal of a stimulus happen simultaneously is known as the

answer

cognitive arousal theory of emotion.

question

Which of the following is an element of emotion?

answer

physical arousal

question

Which hormone secreted by the pancreas signals hunger by lowering blood sugar levels?

answer

insulin

question

Which area of the brain has been linked to the processing of positive emotions?

answer

the left frontal lobe

question

In order to control emotions, the technique of distraction has been linked to what area of the brain?

answer

anterior cingulate cortex

question

The theory that feeling an emotion comes first as a physical reaction that leads to a behavioral response is known as the

answer

Common sense theory of emotion.

question

One of the earliest approaches to motivation focused on

answer

biologically determined patterns of behavior.

question

An example of a stimulus motive is

answer

exploration.

question

The role of the lateral hypothalamus is

answer

to trigger the eating response when insulin levels go up.

question

The ________ is an adaptation of Charles Darwin's theory that when an emotion is expressed freely on the face, the emotion intensifies.

answer

facial feedback hypothesis

question

In the classic Schachter-Singer "angry man/happy man" experiment, participants were given a drug to elicit a physical response and then exposed to two different conditions. One group was paired with a confederate pretending to be angry and the other group with a confederate pretending to be happy. What was the main objective of this experiment?

answer

to determine whether physical arousal has to be interpreted cognitively before it can be labeled as an emotion

question

Sensation seekers

answer

need more arousal in the form of more complex and varied sensory experiences.

question

Darwin proposed that emotions are a product of evolution and are therefore universal. Which of the following supports the idea that emotions are based in biology rather than in learning?

answer

A child, blind from birth, makes the appropriate facial expression for an emotion without ever having seen it.

question

What portion of the brain is involved in creating the facial expressions of emotions in humans?

answer

amygdala

question

What portion of the brain is involved in the interpretation of facial expressions conveying emotion?

answer

right hemisphere

question

The motivation approach in which behavior is explained in terms of the external stimulus and its rewarding properties is the

answer

incentive approach.

question

______________ proposed a total of 18 instincts that drive human behavior.

answer

William McDougall

question

The role of the lateral hypothalamus is

answer

to trigger the eating response when insulin levels go up.

question

Drive reduction theorists believe that believe that

answer

there is a connection between internal physiological states and outward behavior.

question

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, before a person is ready to worry about his or her self-esteem needs, which needs must be met first?

answer

Love and belongingness needs

question

According to Dweck's research on achievement motivation, why might a student who has a history of bad grades be most at risk for developing learned helplessness?

answer

The student may become depressed because of the belief that intelligence is fixed, unchangeable, and out of his or her control.

question

The argument that people with spinal cord injuries can experience emotions without physical feedback from the sympathetic organs to the cortex initially seemed to support which emotional theory?

answer

The Cannon-Bard theory

question

As people age, what happens to the body's BMR and weight set point?

answer

BMR decreases, weight set point increases

question

A gymnast can complete a trick on the balance beam consistently without falling in practice. However, during competition the gymnast becomes nervous, causing her to bobble and fall. According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, what is the problem?

answer

The gymnast's arousal level is too high.

question

Chris is in his twenties and has completed college; he has satisfied his curiosity about other cultures with a trip around the world when he graduated. According to Maslow's hierarchy, which needs might he work to satisfy next?

answer

Aesthetic needs

question

Which of the following is NOT true of a sensation seeker?

answer

Sensation seekers always need arousal in the form of danger.

question

Which statement is NOT true about display rules?

answer

Display rules are innate, not learned.

question

Which of the following is NOT a factor that creates obesity?

answer

a raised metabolism as people age

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a person who is high in the need for power (nPow)?

answer

a good team player

question

Which of the following does NOT play a role in determining the body's weight set point?

answer

the size of the stomach

question

Which of the following describes the cognitive arousal theory?

answer

"I am aroused due to dangerous cues in my environment; therefore, I must be afraid."

question

Professor Peterson is a psychology professor who taught his class about theories of emotion. He told his class that facial expressions provide feedback to the brain, which in turn intensifies and causes emotions. Professor Peterson taught his class the

answer

facial feedback hypothesis of emotion.

question

Physically, when a person experiences an emotion, an arousal is created by the_____________, causing changes in heart rate, changes in breathing, dilated pupils, and dry mouth.

answer

sympathetic nervous system

question

According to Dweck's research, which of the following is a method parents and teachers can use to improve a child's motivation to achieve?

answer

A teacher should praise a student's effort in the learning process by saying, "That was a very clever way to think about this problem."

question

According to Ryan and Deci, a person's intrinsic motivation may be increased because of a combined sense of

answer

competence and autonomy.

question

Lisa is the lead actor in a tear-jerking play. She spends most of her time on stage "crying." Even though she feels happy and upbeat before the show, she finds that she often feels down after the show. This is an example of which emotional theory?

answer

facial feedback hypothesis

question

Which of the following is an example of a social component of hunger?

answer

A girl feels lonely so she eats an extra helping of dessert to cheer herself up

question

The motivation approach in which behavior is explained in terms of the external stimulus and its rewarding properties is the

answer

incentive approach.

question

Curiosity, exploration, and playing are all examples of

answer

a stimulus motive.

question

The theory of motivation in which the social context of an action has an effect on the type of motivation existing for the action is known as

answer

the self-determination theory

question

Which of the following is a theory developed out of the humanistic approach to understanding motivation?

answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

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