Chapter 10 – Social Psychology – Flashcards
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Research on conformity suggests that if a ____ response is required, ____ show more conformity than ________.
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public; women; men
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The war in Iraq, the design of the ship Titanic, and the Challenger disaster are all given in the textbook as examples of
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groupthink
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Attitudes
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are learned through experiences and contact with others
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People can reduce cognitive dissonance by
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forming new cognition to justify their behavior
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Scapegoats are
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typically members of the out-group
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Strategies for overcoming prejudice include
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education and equal status contact
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The sadistic behavior of the "guards" in Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Study
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highlighted the influence that a social role can have on ordinary people
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If your roommate asks you for a ride to campus and you agree, and then the next day asks if he can borrow your car, it is an example of
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foot-in-the-door technique
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Cindy tastes peas for the first time and realizes she does not like them. Cindy formed her attitude about peas through the process of
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direct contact
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Justin walks into the morning meeting 15 minutes late. His boss, Marco, assumes that traffic was bad this morning. Marco is using an example of
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situational cause
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Shawn and Tanya start talking after they've ridden on the dorm elevator several times together. This is an example of which rule of attraction
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proximity
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Karen intentionally tries to hurt Lisa by spreading rumors about her. Karen is engaging in
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aggression
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Jim jumped into the ocean to save a drowning man, risking his own life in the process. This is an example of
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altruism
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In Solomon Asch's study, confederates were instructed to
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give the incorrect answer to the line-matching task
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A person demanding ____ has power or authority to command a behavioral change, rather than just ask for a change
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obedience
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In the Milgram study and several similar studies, between ____ percent of the participants went all the way up to the 450-volt shock level.
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61 and 66
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A person tries to change the belief, opinion, or course of action of another person through
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persuasion
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____ is the attitude about members of a particular social group and ___ is the behavior that can result from that attitude.
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prejudice; discrimination
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The formation of in-groups and out-groups
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begins in childhood
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The effect that people's awareness of the stereotypes associated with their social group has on their behavior is
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stereotype vulnerability
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According to Sternberg, love consists of intimacy, passion and
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commitment
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Stemberg's Triangular Theory of Love says that compassionate love consists of
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intimacy and commitment
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____ occurs when a person fails to take responsibility for actions or for inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility.
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diffusion of responsibility
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The "learner" in Milgram's study
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was an actor following a carefully arranged script
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The fact that Kitty Genovese did not receive help was most likely due to ______
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the presense of multiple witnesses
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____ occurs when a person fails to take responsibility for actions or for inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility.
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Diffusion of responsibility
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In Sternberg's theory _____ encompasses the physical aspects of love.
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passion
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Research suggests a relationship between the network sites particular students use and their
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ethnicity
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Some research suggests that _____ is one of the main factors that influence people's choices for selecting people they want to know better.
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physical attractiveness
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In the Latane and Darley smoke-filled room study, participants were most likely to report the smoke when
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they were the only ones in the room
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Sherif's 1936 study of conformity involved
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asking participants to report the movement of a single point of light in a darkened room
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According to _____ theory, prejudice may result, at least in part, from the need to increase one's own self-esteem by looking down on others
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social identity
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Studies have shown more conformity
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in collectivist cultures
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_____ is the attitude about members of a particular social group and _____ is the behavior that can result from that attitude
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prejudice; discrimination
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_________ has been linked to higher levels of aggression
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Testosterone
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People who are in a good mood are less likely to help if
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helping will destroy their good mood.
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_____ love, based on many years of shared responsibilities and experiences, is what binds many marriages together.
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companionate
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In explaining our own behavior, we tend to use situational attributions rather than personal, which is
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the actor-observer bias
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In one study, college students liked one another student simply because they were told that the other student liked them. This is an example of which rule of attraction?
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reciprocity
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A police officer comes to Jane's office to discuss personal safety with the employees there. Despite the seriousness of his message, the police officer jokes and laughs with the employees. Jane nonetheless takes what she learned seriously and begins to pay more attention to her safety. Jane used ______ when receiving the officer's message
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central-route processing
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Attitudes
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are learned through experiences and contact with others
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Nicole thinks of herself as an honest, trustworthy person. However, when she doesn't get time to study, she cheats on her history test. Nicole will probably experience
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cognitive dissonance
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The fact that Kitty Genovese did not receive help was most likely due to _____.
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the presence of multiple witnesses
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____ is common in college settings, where students and instructors from many different backgrounds live, work, and study together.
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social comparison
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In his experiment on conformity, Asch found that
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conformity increased with each new confederate, up to four.
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According to the ________, people either expand on what they hear or they pay attention to surface characteristics of persuasive messages
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elaboration likelihood model
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Fritz Heider developed _______ to explain why people choose the particular explanations of behavior that they do.
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attribution theory
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As we interact with others on a daily basis, our behavior, feelings, and thoughts are often guided by _____.
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social influence
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The door-in-the-face technique involves
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asking for a large commitment and then, after being refused, asking for a smaller commitment
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Harry's friend Logan studies a lot, so Harry assumes that Logan is smart. Harry's belief is based on
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implicit personality theory
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When parents tell their children that smoking cigarettes is dangerous and unhealthy, and the children develop negative attitudes toward smoking, it is an example of
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direct instruction
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According to your textbook, the _____ theory explains prejudice and discrimination between the Nazi soldiers and Jewish people during WWII
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realistic conflict
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The presence of others is especially important in influencing helping behavior when a situation is
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ambiguous
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Zimbardo's prison guard experiment supports the idea that
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taking on particular social roles can lead to an increase in aggressive behavior.
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The ABC Model of Attitudes includes
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Affect, Behavior, and Cognition
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A person demanding _______ has power or authority to command a behavioral change, rather than just ask for a change
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obedience
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The "jigsaw classroom"
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is a technique that gives each individual only part of the information needed to solve a problem, so they must work with others to find the solution
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in order to teach her second grade students about ____ teacher jane elliott created in-groups and out-groups based on the superficial characteristics of eye color
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discrimination
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Chris's roommate asks Chris to do him a favor, and Chris agrees. Chris is showing
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compliance
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The that's-not-all technique activates
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the norm of reciprocity
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The Challenger disaster is a classic example of groupthink because
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some people knew the shuttle was not OK to launch but did not speak up and therefore disrupt group cohesion.
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Studies have shown that when a person is happy in a marriage, they attribute ________ to dispositional cause.
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their spouse's positive actions
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The fundamental attribution error is less likely
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in collectivist cultures
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Once someone has taken responsibility to help, the next step in the decision-making process is
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planning a course of action
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If Julie holds the specific attitude that smoking is bad and will likely have an adverse effect on her health, possibly causing lung cancer or emphysema, Julie is
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more likely to match her behavior to her attitude by not smoking.
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Assigning a person you have just met to a category based on characteristics they have in common with other people or groups whom you have had prior experience with is called
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social categorization
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When one person meets another person for the first time, ________ occurs.
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impression formation
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Julie is a psychologist involved in figuring out how to get people to purchase a certain brand of computer. Julie is involved in
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consumer psychology
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When trying to persuade an audience, the message should
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present both sides of the argument.
