Human Growth, Chapter 9: Ex. Credit – Flashcards
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Which language approach stresses that reading instruction should parallel a child's natural language learning? assisted remedial complex whole-language
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whole-language
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According to Berninger, children who enter elementary school with a small vocabulary are at risk for developing: behavior problems. speech problems. reading problems. writing problems.
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reading problems.
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Thirty students in a class are given the same list of eight words to use in generating sentences. Each student creates a unique sentence. This is an example of: pragmatics. infinite generativity. organizational rules. segmentation.
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infinite generativity.
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Researchers have found it takes immigrant children generally how long to become proficient in speaking English? 1 year 2 years 3-5 years 7-10 years
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3-5
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Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device suggests that: humans are biologically prewired to learn language at a certain time in a certain way. there is a physical structure in the brain exclusively for language acquisition. language acquisition is strictly environmental. language is acquired and stored in the right hemisphere of the brain.
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humans are biologically prewired to learn language at a certain time in a certain way.
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According to Hart and Risley, which group of parents talked less to their young children, talked less about past events, and provided less elaboration? single parents welfare parents grandparents professional parents
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professional parents
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All children acquire the particular features of a language: in no particular order. in a consistent order. in an order that is gender-dependent. in an order that varies according to one's intelligence.
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in a consistent order.
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The use of correct rules for conversation is part of the definition of: grammatical relations. semantics. pragmatics. the language acquisition device.
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pragmatics.
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An interactionist view of language emphasizes that: biology is primarily responsible for language development. environmental factors primarily determine language development. both biology and experience contribute to language development. children need significant peer interaction to facilitate proper language development.
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both biology and experience contribute to language development.
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Language development during the adult years varies greatly among individuals depending on: gender and personality. voice quality and opportunity. level of education and social and occupational roles. geographical location and socioeconomic status.
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level of education and social and occupational roles.
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Cases like the Wild Boy of Aveyron cause us to wonder whether language is: infinitely generative or not. due more to heredity or environment. based on abstract or concrete symbols. more a question of phonology or syntax.
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not: infinitely generative or not.
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All of the following are strategies parents use to teach their children language EXCEPT: recasting. expanding. redirecting. labeling
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redirecting.
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Language is a form of communication—spoken, written, or signed—that is based on a system of: words. ideas. symbols. sounds.
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not: sounds. maybe sounds?
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Telegraphic speech is characterized by: two-word utterances only. short, complete sentences. a sequence of succinct single syllable words. short, precise words without grammatical markers.
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short, precise words without grammatical markers.
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The fact that people create novel sentences, and that children learn the syntax of their native language even if they are not reinforced for doing so are indications of weakness in which language acquisition view? biological critical period environmental behavioral
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behavioral
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Words have semantic restrictions on how they can be used in sentences because: every word has required attributes related to meaning. every word is made up of one or more morphemes. contextual rules differ from one culture to another. meaning varies with gender and socioeconomic status.
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every word has required attributes related to meaning.
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Brocca's and Wernicke's areas are predisposed for language functioning and are located in which part of the brain? occipital lobe temporal lobe right hemisphere left hemisphere
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left hemisphere
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When is the easiest time to learn a second language? early childhood late childhood adolescence variable across different language systems
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not: adolescence
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Which of the following is NOT a reason that adolescents tend to be better writers than younger children? They are better at organizing ideas before writing. They can distinguish between general and specific points. They are better at stringing together sentences that make sense. The exposure to other languages gives them a better understanding of syntax.
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The exposure to other languages gives them a better understanding of syntax.
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According to Hart and Risley, which group of parents talked less to their young children, talked less about past events, and provided less elaboration? single parents welfare parents grandparents professional parents
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welfare parents
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At about what age do children learn to change their speech style to suit their situation? 2 to 3 years 3 to 4 years 4 to 5 years 5 to 6 years
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4 to 5 years
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Which of the following provides evidence against the behavioral view of language development? Researchers haven't yet located the LAD in the brain. Parents reinforce proper grammar and punish improper grammar. Children say new things that they haven't ever heard or said before. The environment plays the most important role in language acquisition.
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Children say new things that they haven't ever heard or said before.
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What primary function does vocalization (crying, cooing, babbling and gestures) accomplish for infants? no function—it is reflexive occupies waking hours attracts attention from their caregivers and others respiratory exercise
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attracts attention from their caregivers and others
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An implied comparison between two ideas that is conveyed by the abstract meaning contained in the words used to make the comparison is a: metaphor. simile. holophrase. abstraction.
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metaphor.
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When a child struggles with speech and language development, the professional who provides therapeutic intervention is a(n): pediatrician. elocutionist. speech/language therapist. English tutor.
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speech/language therapist.
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Metalinguistic awareness improves considerably in the elementary school years and allows children to: think about their language. understand what words are. define words. all of these
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all of these
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The LAD refers to: language auditory development. language acceptance device. late acquisition development. language acquisition device
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language acquisition device
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Six-year-old Aspen addresses her teacher, "Me goed to the park. Is you goed too?" She is displaying problems with: pragmatics. syntax. phonology. semantics.
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syntax.
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Why is it difficult for infants to detect word boundaries? Detecting word boundaries is irrelevant. Adults don't pause between words when they speak. Infants cannot distinguish between phonemes in words. Infants cannot discriminate between familiar words and unusual words.
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Infants cannot distinguish between phonemes in words.
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Research about the ability of infants to distinguish human speech sounds indicates that: young infants are capable of distinguishing only the sounds they hear in the language spoken around them. the ability to distinguish all speech sounds increases as infants grow older. there are distinct stages in the ability of infants to perceive different speech sounds. infants gradually come to distinguish best the speech sounds of the language spoken around them.
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infants gradually come to distinguish best the speech sounds of the language spoken around them.
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The fact that people create novel sentences, and that children learn the syntax of their native language even if they are not reinforced for doing so are indications of weakness in which language acquisition view? biological critical period environmental behavioral
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behavioral
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Cases like the Wild Boy of Aveyron cause us to wonder whether language is: infinitely generative or not. due more to heredity or environment. based on abstract or concrete symbols. more a question of phonology or syntax.
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due more to heredity or environment.
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Which language approach stresses that reading instruction should parallel a child's natural language learning? assisted remedial complex whole-language
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whole-language
