question

By age 6, the child's body is proportionately not very different from that of an adult. (true or false)

answer

true

question

Memories of past experience are always destructive. (true or false)

answer

false

question

In multiethnic countries, Latinos tend to be somewhat shorter than children of African, Asian, and European descent. (true or false)

answer

true

question

Although the right and left hemispheres of the brain have specialized functions, cognitive skill requires both sides of the brain. (true or false)

answer

true

question

All reported cases of maltreatment are substantiated. (true or false)

answer

false

question

Accidents are the leading cause of childhood death. (true or false)

answer

true

question

Child maltreatment involves not only physical abuse but also failure to meet a child's basic needs. (true or false)

answer

true

question

Boys are about 6 months ahead of girls in developing fine motor skills. (true or false)

answer

false

question

Adoption is the preferred permanent option in preventing maltreatment of older children. (true or false)

answer

true

question

Most maltreated children are friendlier than other children because they crave attention. (true or false)

answer

false

question

Having an older brother or sister delays the development of a theory of mind. (true or false)

answer

false

question

Research reveals that 2-to-6 year old children are much less logical than Piaget believed.

answer

false

question

Most 3 year olds clearly understand that a belief can be false. (true or false)

answer

false

question

By age 6, children's vocabulary includes an average of more than 10,000 words. (true or false)

answer

true

question

Preschool education programs, such as Head Start, have been a disappointing failure in terms of compensating for children's impoverished home environments. (true or false)

answer

false

question

Preoperational intelligence is magical and self-centered. (true or false)

answer

true

question

As compared to monolingual children, bilingual children are more advanced in their theory of mind. (true or false)

answer

true

question

A 3-year-old is likely to believe that the same amount of ice cream is actually more when it is transferred from a large bowl to a small bowl. (true or false)

answer

true

question

Older children use private speech less effectively than younger ones. (true or false)

answer

true

question

A young child who says, "You comed up and hurted me" is demonstrating a lack of understanding of English grammar. (true or false)

answer

false

question

The idea that some gender differences are biologically based is becoming less well accepted with each passing year. (true or false)

answer

false.

question

Permissive parenting is almost always the most destructive parental style. (true or false)

answer

false

question

Children who watch violent TV programs become more violent themselves. (true or false)

answer

true

question

Most young children underestimate their own abilities. (true or false)

answer

false

question

Although physical punishment works at the moment, longitudinal research indicates that it is likely to result in children who are bullies, delinquents, and then abusive adults. (true or false)

answer

true

question

To empathize means to feel sorry for someone. (true or false)

answer

false

question

In the United States, children are expected to play cooperatively by age 3. (true or false)

answer

false

question

Physical aggression increases as children mature, while verbal aggression declines. (true or false)

answer

false

question

By age 2, children can apply gender labels.

answer

true

question

Children tend to confuse gender and sex throughout early childhood. (true or false)

answer

true

question

emotional regulation (ch.10)

answer

The ability to control when and how emotions are expressed.

question

initiative vs. guilt (ch.10)

answer

Erikson's 3rd psychosocial crisis, in which children undertake new skills and activities and feel guilty when they do not succeed at them.

question

self-esteem (ch.10)

answer

A person's EVALUATION of his or her own worth.

question

self-concept (ch.10)

answer

A person's UNDERSTANDING of who he or she is, in relation to self-esteem, appearance, personality, and various traits.

question

intrinsic motivation (ch.10)

answer

A drive, or reason to do something, that comes from inside a person. (personal motivation)

question

extrinsic motivation (ch.10)

answer

A drive, or reason to do something, that arises from the need to have one's achievements rewarded from outside. ex.) starbursts for making shots

question

psychopathology (ch.10)

answer

An illness or disorder of the mind.

question

externalizing problems (ch.10)

answer

Difficulty w/ one's ability to regulate their emotions and involves expressing one's feelings through uncontrolled physical or verbal outbursts. ex.) temper tantrums

question

internalizing problems (ch.10)

answer

Difficult w/ one's ability to regulate their emotions and involves turning one's emotional distress inward. ex.) feeling excessively guilty, ashamed, or worthless.

question

rought-and-tumble play (ch.10)

answer

A type of play that mimics aggression through wrestling, chasing, or hitting, but in which there is no intent to harm and usually involves laughing. Common among young males.

question

sociodramatic play (ch.10)

answer

Pretend play in which children act out various roles and themes in stories they create. ex.) playing dress-up.

question

authoritarian parenting (ch.10)

answer

An approach to child rearing that is characterized by high behavioral standards, strict punishment of misconduct, and little communication.

question

permissive parenting (ch.10)

answer

An approach to child rearing that is characterized by high nurturance and communication but little discipline, guidance, or control.

question

authoritative parenting (ch.10)

answer

An approach to child rearing in which the parents set limits but listen to the child and are flexible.

question

neglectful/uninvolved parenting (ch.10)

answer

An approach to child rearing in which the parents are indifferent toward their children and unaware of what is going on in their children's lives.

question

empathy (ch.10)

answer

The ability to understand the emotions and concerns of another person, especially when they differ from one's own.

question

antipathy (ch.10)

answer

Feelings of dislike or even hatred for another person.

question

prosocial behavior (ch.10)

answer

Feelings and actions that are helpful and kind but are of no obvious benefit to oneself.

question

antisocial behavior (ch.10)

answer

Feelings and actions that are deliberately hurtful or destructive to another person.

question

instrumental aggression (ch.10)

answer

Hurtful behavior that is intended to get or keep something that another person has.

question

reactive aggression (ch.10)

answer

An impulsive retaliation for another person's intentional or accidental action, verbal or physical.

question

relational aggression (ch.10)

answer

Nonphysical acts, such as insults or social rejection, aimed at harming the social connection between the victim and other people.

question

bullying aggression (ch.10)

answer

Unprovoked, repeated physical or verbal attack, especially on victims who are unlikely to defend themselves.

question

time-out (ch.10)

answer

A disciplinary technique in which a child is separated from other people for a specified time.

question

sex differences (ch.10)

answer

Biological differences between males and females, in organs, hormones, and body type.

question

gender differences (ch.10)

answer

Differences in the roles and behavior of males and females that are prescribed by the culture.

question

phallic stage (ch.10)

answer

Freud's 3rd stage of development, when the penis becomes the focus of concern and pleasure.

question

Oedipus complex (ch.10)

answer

The unconscious desire of young boys to replace their father and win their mother's exclusive love.

question

superego (ch.10)

answer

In psychoanalytic theory, the judgmental part of the personality that internalizes the moral standards of the parents.

question

Electra complex (ch.10)

answer

The unconscious desire of girls to replace their mother and win their father's exclusive love.

question

identification (ch.10)

answer

An attempt to defend one's self-concept by taking on the behaviors and attitudes of someone else.

question

gender schema (ch.10)

answer

A cognitive concept or general belief based on one's experiences--in this case, a child's understanding of sex differences.

question

androgyny (ch.10)

answer

A balance, within a person, of traditionally masculine and feminine psychological characteristics.

question

Erikson's stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years is called:

answer

initiative vs. guilt

question

Which of the following is a criticism of Baumrind's classification of parenting styles? a.) She overlooked the fact that many permissive parents love their children. b.) She focused too much on parental attitudes and not enough on daily interactions. c.) There was too much diversity in her study samples. d.) She overlooked the fact that most authoritative parents are lax in discipline.

answer

b.) She focused too much on parental attitudes and not enough on daily interactions.

question

Freud believed that preschool boys:

answer

secretly want to replace their fathers.

question

Four-year-old Bill watches television violence at least 2 hours a day. Most likely, as he grows older:

answer

he will become aggressive himself.

question

Research on spanking suggests that it is quick and efficient at age 2 or 3, and that:

answer

it may have negative repercussions later.

question

Three girls start a rumor that 7-year-old Heather is a bed-wetter who still uses a pacifier. They are demonstrating:

answer

relational aggression.

question

An angry 5-year-old might stop herself from hitting another child because she has developed:

answer

emotional regulation.

question

Research on parents' punishment and reinforcement of their children's nontraditional behaviors has found that:

answer

boys are more criticized than girls are for playing with toys associated with the other sex.

question

According to Erikson, which of the following is typical of young children? a.) an immodest self-concept b.) strong feelings of guilt c.) a weak self-concept d.) a sense of self-doubting

answer

a.) an immodest self-concept

question

When 4-year-old Karen is angry, she lashes out by hitting. This is an example of:

answer

an externalizing problem.

question

Gabriel's language and cognitive skills have developed greatly since he began attending preschool. His teacher explains things to the children when they participate in small-group activities and she encourages conversation between children and adults. According to Vygotsky, she uses language to advance thinking through:

answer

a.) social mediation. b.) the zone of proximal development. c.) scaffolding. d.) private speech.

question

The youngest children to demonstrate theory of mind in experiments are age:

answer

4

question

One key factor that strengthens theory of mind at about age 4 is:

answer

having an older sibling.

question

To focus on one aspect of a situation and simultaneously exclude all others is called:

answer

centration.

question

Whereas Piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery, Vygotsky attributed it to:

answer

social activities guided by others.

question

Which of the following would a 6-year-old child be able to do but a 2-year-old would not?

answer

a.) verbalize scripts b.) reiterate the zone of proximal development c.) use mental mapping d.) build scaffolds

question

The formation of overregularization in a child's speech patterns indicates:

answer

he or she is able to apply grammatical rules, although incorrectly, to her vocalizations.

question

According to Vygotsky, the internal dialogue that we have with ourselves either silently or out loud is referred to as:

answer

private speech.

question

Skills that a person can perform with assistance, but which they cannot quite perform on their own lie within the

answer

zone of proximal development.

question

Krista understands that 4 + 6 = 10 but does not understand that 10 - 6 = 4. She is displaying:

answer

irreversibility.

question

A good example of a fine motor skill is:

answer

using scissors to cut paper.

question

Janie just cannot seem to keep from becoming extremely angry when she does not get her way. Her ability to reign in this tendency toward tantrums will get better when her ______ has further matured.

answer

prefrontal cortex.

question

Melika is 4 years old. Which of the following would you expect Melika to be able to do?

answer

hop on either foot.

question

In contemporary society, foster care generally means:

answer

children's removal from the original parents.

question

A mistreated child who is startled at any noise and is continually looking around to see who is coming up to them is showing symptoms of:

answer

PTSD.

question

Which of the following would be the most likely cause of death in a toddler?

answer

jumping into a swimming pool and drowning.

question

Kayla is 4 years old and has recently begun coordinating the two sides of her body more efficiently. This development may be attributed to:

answer

growth of the corpus collosum.

question

If a reported incident of child maltreatment has been investigated and verified, it is considered to be:

answer

substantiated.

question

The body mass index (BMI) is the lowest of the life span at age:

answer

5.

question

An example of kinship care is: a.) Eric and Sherral provide foster care for their neglected nephew. b.) Michelle baby-sits her brother Tommy. c.) Patti and Rob adopt two brothers. d.) Mari is placed in a group home with other abused children.

answer

Eric and Sherral provide foster care for their neglected nephew.

question

preoperational intelligence (ch. 9)

answer

Piaget's term for cognitive development between the ages of about 2 and 6; it includes language and imagination (which involve symbolic thought), but logical, operational thinking is not yet possible.

question

centration (ch. 9)

answer

A characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child focuses (centers) on one idea, excluding all the others.

question

egocentrism (ch. 9)

answer

Piaget's term for children's tendency to think about the world entirely from their own personal perspective.

question

focus on appearance (ch. 9)

answer

A characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child ignores all attributes that are not apparent.

question

static reasoning (ch. 9)

answer

A characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child thinks that nothing changes. Whatever is now has always been and always will be.

question

irreversibility (ch. 9)

answer

A characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child thinks that nothing can be undone. A thing cannot be restored to the way it was before a change occurred.

question

conservation (ch. 9)

answer

The principle that the amount of a substance remains the same (i.e., is conserved) when its appearance changes.

Child Development Unit 3 – Flashcards

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