question

Abby Kelley

answer

demonstrated the interconnectedness of nineteenth-century reform movements.

question

According to Alexis de Tocqueville, what were the most important institutions for organizing Americans

answer

voluntary associations

question

About ____________ reform communities, often called utopian communities, were established in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century.

answer

100

question

Who founded the Shakers

answer

Ann Lee

question

The reform communities established in the years before the Civil War:

answer

set out to reorganize society on a cooperative basis.

question

Which statement about Shakers is FALSE?

answer

They practiced "complex marriage" and publicly recorded sexual relations.

question

Which statement about the Mormons, a group founded by Joseph Smith, is FALSE?

answer

The Mormons were founded in the 1840s as an offshoot of Methodism.

question

At the end of their trek in the mid-1840s, Mormons led by Brigham Young founded:

answer

Salt Lake City, Utah.

question

The Oneida community

answer

controlled which of its members would be allowed to reproduce

question

Brook Farm

answer

was founded by New England transcendentalists.

question

Which of the following correctly pairs the reform community with the state in which it was located

answer

New Harmony: Indiana

question

Although it only lasted a few years, the New Harmony community

answer

influenced education reformers and women's rights advocates.

question

Utopian communities were unlikely to attract much support because most Americans:

answer

saw property ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian communities insisted members give up their property.

question

Burned-over districts were

answer

in New York and Ohio, where intense revivals occurred.

question

How did reformers reconcile their desire to create moral order with their quest to enhance personal freedom?

answer

They argued that too many people were "slaves" to various sins and that freeing them from this enslavement would enable them to compete economically.

question

By 1840, the temperance movement in the United States had:

answer

encouraged a substantial decrease in the consumption of alcohol.

question

Members of which of the following groups were generally opposed to the temperance movement?

answer

Catholics

question

What did reformers commonly believe about prisons and asylums?

answer

that they could rehabilitate individuals and then release them back into society

question

The proliferation of new institutions such as poorhouses and asylums for the insane during the antebellum era demonstrated the:

answer

tension between liberation and control in the era's reform movements.

question

The American Tract Society was focused on:

answer

religion.

question

Horace Mann believed that public schools would do all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

help eliminate racial discrimination

question

Common schools:

answer

existed in every northern state by the time of the Civil War.

question

The colonization of freed U.S. slaves to Africa:

answer

prompted the adamant opposition of most free African-Americans.

question

Like Indian removal, the colonization of former slaves rested on the premise that America

answer

was fundamentally a white society.

question

How did the abolitionist movement that arose in the 1830s differ from earlier antislavery efforts

answer

The later movement drew much more on the religious conviction that slavery was an unparalleled sin and needed to be destroyed immediately.

question

The North-Carolina-born free black whose Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World won widespread attention was

answer

David Walker.

question

William Lloyd Garrison:

answer

suggested that the North dissolve the Union to free itself of any connection to slavery

question

William Lloyd Garrison published an abolitionist newspaper called

answer

The Liberator.

question

William Lloyd Garrison argued in Thoughts on African Colonization that

answer

blacks were not "strangers" in America to be shipped abroad, but should be recognized as a permanent part of American society.

question

A young minister converted by the evangelical preacher Charles G. Finney, ____________ helped to create a mass constituency for abolitionism by training speakers and publishing pamphlets.

answer

Theodore Weld

question

Before the Civil War, who came to believe that the U.S. Constitution did not provide national protection to the institution of slavery?

answer

Frederick Douglass

question

How did the abolitionists link themselves to the nation's Revolutionary heritage?

answer

They seized on the preamble to the Declaration of Independence as an attack against slavery.

question

The role of African-Americans in the abolitionist movement

answer

included helping to finance William Lloyd Garrison's newspaper.

question

What book was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson?

answer

Uncle Tom's Cabin

question

According to the mid-nineteenth-century physicians and racial theorists Josiah Nott and George Gliddon:

answer

there was a hierarchy of races, with blacks forming a separate species between whites and chimpanzees.

question

The frontispiece of the 1848 edition of David Walker's book depicts a black figure receiving "liberty" and "justice" from:

answer

heaven.

question

Abolitionists challenged stereotypes about African-Americans by:

answer

countering the pseudoscientific claim that they formed a separate species.

question

Freedom's Journal:

answer

was the first black-run newspaper in the United States.

question

What did the Fourth of July represent to Frederick Douglass?

answer

the hypocrisy of a nation that proclaimed liberty but sanctioned slavery

question

The gag rule:

answer

prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions.

question

The death of Elijah Lovejoy in 1837

answer

convinced many northerners that slavery was incompatible with white Americans' liberties.

question

Frederick Douglass wrote, "When the true history of the antislavery cause shall be written, ____________ will occupy a large space in its pages."

answer

women

question

Dorothea Dix devoted much time to the crusade for the:

answer

construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane.

question

Which of the following was NOT a reform movement in which women played a prominent role during the early to mid-nineteenth century?

answer

the anti-Mexican-War movement

question

Angelina and Sarah Grimké

answer

critiqued the prevailing notion of separate spheres for men and women.

question

The first to apply the abolitionist doctrine of universal freedom and equality to the status of women:

answer

were the Grimké sisters.

question

The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments

answer

condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women.

question

All of the following are true of Margaret Fuller EXCEPT

answer

She was the first feminist leader educated at a major college.

question

What was a "bloomer" in the 1850s

answer

a feminist style of dress

question

____________ was established in hopes of making abolitionism a political movement.

answer

Liberty Party

question

organized abolitionist movement split into two wings in 1840, largely over

answer

a dispute concerning the proper role of women in antislavery work.

question

The antislavery poet John Greenleaf Whittier compared reformer Abby Kelley to:

answer

Helen of Troy, who sowed the seeds of male destruction.

question

Why did Mississippi politician Jefferson Davis object in the 1850s to the original design of the Statue of Freedom that now adorns the U.S. Capitol dome?

answer

Its use of an ancient Roman liberty cap on "Freedom" raised a touchy matter about slaves' longing for freedom

question

Why did slavery become more central to American politics in the 1840s?

answer

Territorial expansion raised the question of whether new lands should be free or slave.

question

When Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821

answer

its Native American population was relatively large compared to its non-Indian population.

question

In 1821, the opening of the Santa Fe Trail between Santa Fe and ______________ led to a reorientation of New Mexico's commerce from the rest of Mexico to the United States

answer

Independence, Missouri

question

term "Californios" referred in the 1830s and 1840s to ____________ in California.

answer

Mexican cattle ranchers

question

American settlement in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s:

answer

led Stephen Austin to demand more autonomy from Mexican officials.

question

Presidents Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren rejected adding Texas to the United States because:

answer

the presence of slaves there would re-ignite the issue of slavery, and they preferred to avoid it.

question

Which two political figures agreed to keep the issue of annexing Texas out of the 1844 presidential campaign if possible

answer

Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren

question

When Democrats demanded the "re-annexation" of Texas in 1844, they

answer

implied that Texas had once been part of the United States through the Louisiana Purchase.

question

Fifty-four forty or fight" referred to demands for American control of:

answer

Oregon.

question

James Polk had four clearly defined goals when he entered the White House. Which was NOT one of his goals?

answer

settle the slavery dispute

question

During the Mexican War

answer

for the first time, the U.S. troops occupied a foreign capital.

question

Who questioned President Polk's right to declare war by introducing a resolution to Congress requesting the president to specify the precise spot where blood had first been shed?

answer

Abraham Lincoln

question

Who wrote "On Civil Disobedience" as a response to the U.S. war with Mexico?

answer

Henry David Thoreau

question

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 provided for all of the following EXCEPT

answer

U.S. control of all of the Oregon Country.

question

With the exception of Alaska, what was the last piece of territory acquired by the United States toward the solidification of its present boundaries in North America

answer

the Gadsden Purchase

question

According to John L. O'Sullivan's Democratic Review, what was the key to the history of nations and the rise and fall of empires?

answer

race

question

The California gold rush

answer

resulted in laws that discriminated against "foreign miners."

question

Which of the following statements related to ethnicity was true in California in the 1850s?

answer

Thousands of Indian children were declared orphans and treated as slaves.

question

During the 1850s, 80 percent of the world's gold came from two places that experienced gold rushes at about the same time, California and:

answer

Australia.

question

What American naval officer negotiated a treaty that opened two Japanese ports to U.S. ships in 1854?

answer

Matthew Perry

question

In 1846, Congressman David Wilmot proposed to:

answer

prohibit slavery from all territory acquired from Mexico.

question

The Free Soil Party

answer

demonstrated that antislavery sentiment had spread far beyond abolitionist ranks.

question

Which of the following countries did NOT go through some kind of popular upheaval in 1848?

answer

Russia

question

Which of the following was NOT a provision of the Compromise of 1850?

answer

The territories of New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Nevada would be created.

question

The opponents of the Compromise of 1850

answer

received a boost from President Zachary Taylor.

question

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850:

answer

gave new powers to federal officers to override local law enforcement.

question

The controversy over the arrest of Anthony Burns in 1854 shows

answer

the unpopularity of the Fugitive Slave Act in parts of the North.

question

Stephen Douglas's motivation for introducing the Kansas-Nebraska Act was to

answer

boost efforts to build a transcontinental railroad.

question

of the following is an example of the political impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

answer

The Whig Party collapsed, and many disgruntled northerners joined the new Republican Party.

question

What attracted voters to the Know-Nothing Party

answer

its denunciation of Roman Catholic immigrants

question

In 1854, the Know-Nothings won all the congressional races as well as the governorship in

answer

Massachusetts.

question

By 1856, the Republican Party included individuals who had been, until rather recently, members of each of the following political groups EXCEPT:

answer

Federalists.

question

The Republican free labor ideology

answer

led to the argument by Abraham Lincoln and William Seward that free labor and slave labor were essentially incompatible.

question

The caning of Charles Sumner by Preston Brooks

answer

actually helped the new Republican Party.

question

The Republican Party founded in the 1850s strongly endorsed the same policy about slavery in the territories that ____________ had begun advocating in 1846.

answer

David Wilmot

question

The Republican presidential candidate in 1856 was:

answer

John Frémont.

question

The Dred Scott decision of the U.S. Supreme Court

answer

declared Congress could not ban slavery from territories.

question

On matters related to citizenship, the U.S. Supreme Court declared in Dred Scott that

answer

only white persons could be U.S. citizens.

question

The Lecompton Constitution was the

answer

proslavery constitution proposed for Kansas.

question

The famous Lincoln-Douglas debates took place during the campaign for

answer

U.S. senator from Illinois in 1858.

question

During his debate with Abraham Lincoln in Freeport, Illinois, Stephen Douglas

answer

insisted that popular sovereignty was compatible with the Dred Scott decision.

question

Who was responsible for the 1856 Pottawatomie Creek Massacre in Kansas and led the raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859q

answer

John Brown

question

What 1854 document called for the United States to seize Cuba?

answer

the Ostend Manifesto

question

In the 1850s, Tennessee-born William Walker became famous for:

answer

seeking to establish himself as ruler of a slaveholding Nicaragua.

question

The 1860 Republican platform stated all of the following EXCEPT

answer

Slavery should be abolished in the nation's capital.

question

Democratic Party split in 1860 over the question of whether to:

answer

protect slavery in the territories or allow popular sovereignty in them.

question

In the 1860 election, how many different presidential candidates won electoral votes?

answer

four

question

In the presidential election of 1860, the two candidates who received the most votes in the southern states were:

answer

John Breckinridge and John Bell.

question

Which of the following puts these events in the proper chronological order, from first to last? I. Virginia seceded from the Union II. Abraham Lincoln was first elected president III. Confederate States of America formed IV. South Carolina seceded from the Union

answer

II, IV, III, I

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