question

Explain the value of enuchs in traditional Chinese courts

answer

Because they could not have families, they were no a long-term political threat. In the Ming dynasty, the court employed eunuchs to a greater extent than did previous dynasties

question

In 15th century Europe, which creation strengthened the building of powerful nation-states?

answer

The creation of large standing armies. Regional monarchis in western Europe consolidated and increased their power thorugh both taxation and maintaining large military

question

What is one reason for European exploration after 1450?

answer

Increased prestige for the kingdom, Finding new tropical lands for growing cash crops, Spreading the Catholic faith, The search for a maritime route to Asia

question

How can the term renaissance best be described?

answer

A cultural flowering and rebirth of classical learning. The translation is 'rebirth', and it is used to described an era of early modern European history that begins around 1450. It started in Italy and spread to the rest of western Europe, emphasizing new ways of artistic expression that encompassed art, music, and architecture

question

Which artist/scientist/engineer exemplifies the renaissance ideal of the multidimensional individual?

answer

Leonardo da Vinci

question

Name a technological development that encouraged European exploration after 1450.

answer

The astrolable used for determing latitude, The caravel ship design, The magnetic compass, The lateen sail

question

Which ideas were humanists affected by at the start of the Renaissance?

answer

Scholastic theology

question

What is the reason for the new prosperity of Italian domans and cities after 1400?

answer

Trade flourished and enriched the merchant classes

question

How did Ming China seek to impress the rest of Asia with its power?

answer

By sponsoring voyages of great fleets under Zheng He. The Chinese traded with India, Africa, and Ceylon, exchanging gifts with other rulers and showing that its maritime powers rivaled all other's

question

After 1400, what was the order (by country) in which powerful nations explored far from their own shores?

answer

China, Portugal, Spain

question

Give one reason for the European dominance over Native American groups after 1492?

answer

Native Americans were awed by the newcomers, Disease devasted the Native Americans, The Native Americans were not unified, The Native Americans were culturally diverse

question

What was the first European nation to sail to Asia to trade?

answer

Portugal. Prince Hentry of Portugal was the first to send ships out to explore, with a desire to profit from maritime exploration

question

Which maritime explorer sailed west from Europe to find a shorter route to India?

answer

Christopher Columbus

question

Who was an early humanist scholar who translated the Bible into Greek?

answer

Erasmus of Rotterdam

question

What knowledge aided the Europeans as they sailed far from home in the Age of Discovery?

answer

Knowledge of winds and currents

question

What does the term conquistador translate to?

answer

Conqueror

question

In the Age of Discovery, where was the earliest base of operations in Asia established by Europeans?

answer

Goa. The Portguese were the first to sail to India following the voyage of Vasco da Gama. They later established a small base and colony on the west coast of India at Goa.

question

What is the basic difference between the Spanish and Portuguese empires after 1450?

answer

The Spanish were more territorial; Portugal had limited holdings. Even though the Portuguese explored Asia before the Spanish, the discovery of the New World gave Spain a much larger amount of claimed land after 1492.

question

What explains the prevalence of European witch-hunts in the early modern era?

answer

Europeans were influenced by Christianity as well as folk superstition, which led them to believe in the spirit world. The patriarchal culture meant that women were vulnerable to accusations of witchcraft, as they were regarded as more susceptible to evil forces that preyed on the weak.

question

What was the first kingdom to sponsor the successful circumnavigation of the globe?

answer

Spain. Megellan was sponsored by Spain to sail west with five ships in 1519, and Spain became the first exploring nation to circle the globe. Only one ship made the full trip, and Magellan did not survive it.

question

Which pair of nations followed Portugal in establishing trading posts in Asia?

answer

England and Holland. With their well-developed financial institutions willing to invest overseas, the Dutch and English began to sail to Asia to set up trading posits in the East Indies (later known as the Dutch East Indies) and India

question

Describe the meaning of the term Commerical Revolution.

answer

The growing competition among the European nations after 1500 for wealth and empire. Large colonial empires were succeeded by more sophisicated financial institutions, and corporations were formed to organize large business

question

What was an outcome of the Columbian Exchange that proved disastrous to indigenous peoples in the Americas?

answer

The arrival of new disease pathogens from Europe such as smallpox and influenze

question

What is mercantilism?

answer

A theory of national wealth having to do with favorable trade balances

question

What happened to the world population as a result of the Columbian Exchange on plants and animals?

answer

World population increased over time

question

Which establishment enhanced Spanish access to Asian goods after 1500?

answer

The establishment of a trading center in Manila by 1565

question

Name one practice which caused the fragmentation of the Roman Catholic Church after 1517.

answer

Demonstrations of wealth of the church, A decline in morality within the priesthood, The sale of indulgences, Challenges to papal authority by regional princes

question

What was the social hiearchy of the Spanish empire after 1500 based on?

answer

Where one was born. The peninsulares, those who were born in Europe, were given the highest rank and also the best positions in the New World. The creoles were people who were born in the Americas, and there were also people of mixed backgrounds, slaves, and natives.

question

What type of Catholic missionaries came to the New World to convert the natives to Christianity?

answer

Jesuit and Dominican missionaries. They accompanied the early Spanish explorers and afterward came to the New World to establish missions

question

Why did the Reformation in England take place?

answer

Because the king did not have a male heir to the throne. The pope refused to grant a divore to King Henry VIII and his Spanish queen, and as the pope was the only one with the power to do so, the king decided to seperate from the Roman Catholic Church and create a domestic faith based in England under the crown

question

Which three kingdoms claimed territory in North America after 1500?

answer

England, Spain, and Holland

question

What was the first global war fought on multiple continents?

answer

The Seven Year's War. In the 1700s, the riviarly between Britian and France escalated into a global confict. Part of the reason for this conflict was control over south Asia and North America

question

What does the term "bourgeoise" mean?

answer

The urban wealthy class". It is an earlier French term for people who were neither peasants nor nobility - the growing urban merchant class

question

Which African people were forced into slavery most often?

answer

Prisoners of war

question

What was the name of the feudal farm system which was developed to ensure a cheap labor supply in New Spain?

answer

The enomienda system - a state- sponsored labor system which gave colonials the power to use natives as de facto slaves

question

What was the main reason for inflation in Europe and Asia in the 16th century?

answer

The important of silver from New Spain. When silver flooded the market from Spain to the Ottoman Empire, the value of money was diminished

question

What was the name of the system which involved the forced labor of natives to work in Spanish mines in the 1500s?

answer

Mita or repartimiento. When they took over the Inca mines, in order for the Spanish to expand their operations to extract as much gold and silver from South America as possible, they established a forced labor system called mita. In this system thousands of natives were forced to work for the Spanish

question

Which industry dominated the Renaissance economies of northern Ital and Flanders?

answer

Textile making. In almost all cases, early modern history is begun with light manufacture involving textile operations. The success of this industry helped encourage the development of dynamic economies in southern and northern Europe

question

Which Chinese inventions was borrowed by the Europeans to enhance military power and conquest?

answer

Gunpowder, which was discovered by Chinese alchemists over a thousand years ago, but was little developed until Arabs began to use it c. 1280

question

Which crop came to dominate the Brazilian economy in the 1600s?

answer

Sugar. After the discovery of the New World, the European desire for sugar grew. Regions of Latin America were well suited for growing sugar cane, but it was a labor-intensive crop to harvest

question

What did Ming rulers do to eradicate Mongol influences from the preceding dynasty?

answer

Sponsored Confucianism; Confucian values all supported the ruling regime in a Chinese context

question

What did the globalization of the world economy under the Spanish c. 1550 begin with?

answer

The international silver trade

question

The last dynasty of China was composed of invaders from the north known by what name?

answer

The Qing. After 1600, the Ming Dynasty began to decline and northern invaders came from the northeast to replace them. The Qing took up residence in the north, making their capital Beijing

question

Describe the practice of "indentured labor" c. 1680

answer

An agreement to work for some years in exchange for passage to the New World. These "work for passage" agreements became common due to the demand for cheap labor in the New World. The arrangement appealed to many poor Europeans hoping to make a new life in the Americas, who were without the resources to get started

question

What does the "Son of Heaven" refer to?

answer

The emperor of China. In Chinese tradition, the emperor was referred to as the Son of Heaven, suggesting that the emperor ruled with the support of the gods

question

What was the advancement in the civil service in old China achieved through?

answer

A rigorous examination system which began in the provinces, and which allowed for the upward advancement of educated men.

question

Name one of the common fates for women in traditional China.

answer

Infanticide, Foot binding, Arranged mariage to another family, Divorce in the case of infertility

question

Name the West African kingdom that controlled trans-Saharan trade routes in the 1400s

answer

Songhai. The Songhai was a successor to earlier West African trade kingdoms, and oversaw the exchange of salt and metals. It was a Muslim regional empire which encouraged the expansion of the faith. Its capital at Gao, an ecnomic center, was at an important cultural crossroads

question

Name a Chinese god which was sought after by the West after 1600

answer

Lacquerware, Silk, Porcelain, Tea

question

What was the central African kingdom that traded with the Portuguese during the early penetration of the West?

answer

Kongo. The chief commodities that the Portuguese wanted to purchase were ivory, gold, slaves

question

Why was the sale of indulgences by the Roman Catholic Church needed?

answer

To fund extensive building projects such as St. Peter's in Rome. Because of the lavish spending and grandiose building projects of the Catholic Church, the pope needed considerable income to pay for the massive construction projects. Sales of indulgences were encouraged

question

In the 1500s, what was the central focus of church reformers such as Martin Luther?

answer

The precedence of scriptural authority over the traditions of the church. Martin Luther and other objected to Catholic tradtions which did not have a basis in scripture. One of the Catholic practices with Luther challenged was the scale of indulgenes. So that all literate believers could read and interpret the Bible for themselves and not have to depend on Catholic priests to interpret God's word, Luther translated the Bible into German

question

Which event ended in regicide in the 17th century?

answer

The English Civil War. The war, which took place between 1642 and 1648, was caused by the tension between the king and the Parliament in the 1600s in England. Parliament was mostly made up of the expanding middle class, and many were Puritans. After defeating the king they tried him in Parliament, finding him guilty of treason and tyrannical rule. Charles I was executed, and the regicide has since served as a rminder that an unjust or unpopular king could be removed from power

question

In which areas did Protestantism become dominant in Europe?

answer

Scandinavia and England

question

In the 17th, what did the new conceptions of the natural world, based on mathematics and reasoning, become known as?

answer

The Scientific Revolution

question

Name one group of people which was invoved in the slave trade of the 17th century

answer

The Portuguese, Moorish traders, African tribes, Muslim merchants

question

What does the word diaspora mean?

answer

The scattering of a people to different parts of the world, as with the tens of thousands of African who were taken to the Americas to work as slaves during the 17th century

question

In 17th century Europe, where was social mobility most possible?

answer

In the cities. Because of the growth of cities and the merchant classes in the 17th century, upward mobility became more possible

question

In the 1700s in Europe, what effect did the high consumption of wood fuel have on its geography?

answer

Widespread deforestation

question

Why were women not prominent participants in the Enlightenment or the Scientific Revolution?

answer

Because they were barred from education and the professions

question

What does Manumission mean?

answer

The granting of freedom to an individual slave. As slaves were the private property of individuals, they could be granted freedom

question

What was the key to Dutch commerical success in the 17th century

answer

Their banking system and stock exchange. In the 1600s, the small Dutch republic became a major economic power in Europe and the world because they developed a sophisticated financial system and a substantial navy. They fought the British for control of Africa and parts of North America, colonized parts of Asia and established the Dutch East Indies

question

Name one component that defines a nation.

answer

History, Language, Religion, Competition with other peoples

question

Explain why Russia lagged behind Wester Europe in its development

answer

Authoritarian rulers and cultural isolation

question

What is the main reason for the success of European joint stock companies in Asia after 1650?

answer

Their ability to arm themselves and fight for their trading rights

question

What settlement was the Peace of Westphalia a part of?

answer

The settlement of the Thirty Years' War. The Peace of Westphalia granted certian German states their independence when it settled the end of the Thrity Years' War, after northern Protestant armies fought with Catholic forces for a generation over German territory

question

Which tensions common in the 17th century did the trial of Galileo reveal?

answer

The challenge of science to literal interpretations of the Bible. Galileo contradicted orthodox interpretations of Old Testament scripture by suggesting that the sun was the center of our system. Because science was forced to conform to traditional religious beliefs, Galileo was put under house arrests for the remainder of his life

question

Name one empire or kingdom that was expanding in the early 1600s.

answer

Portugal, The Ottoman, The Mughal, The Spanish

question

What was the last foreign dynasty to rule China after 1644?

answer

Qing dynasty. They came from the northeast and overthrew the Ming dynasty. The Qing went on to rule for centuries, until the republican revolution of 1911

question

In which period did the concept of "balance of power" find its origins?

answer

After the settlement of the Thirty Years' War at the Peace of Westphalia, which sought to keep any one nation from dominating the rest of Europe

question

What movement of people was one of the most striking trends after 1500?

answer

The movement of people from rural to urban societies. The global trend toward urbanization after the 1500s was impossible to ignore. People were drawn away from the countryside by population growth and economic activity. The rural poor were attracted to a different lifestyle made possible by job creation in cities

question

What does the term divine right mean?

answer

Monarchial power is ordained by God. During the Age of Absolutism kings claimed they had authority from God to rule their kingdoms. Both the church and royalty encouraged the idea that to oppose the king was to oppose God

question

When did the period known as the Enlightenment take place?

answer

The 1600s. During this time, there was a flowering of new ideas about society and politics. The relationship between the people and their government was explored by French and British thinkers. By considering that people existed in a state of nature, they suggested certain universal rights

World History 1450-1750 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards