Absolutism & the Enlightenment in Europe (1600-1763) – Flashcards
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Absolutism
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A political system in which a ruler has complete power and authority. (Royal Absolutism)
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The Enlightenment
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"Age of reason" A movement that emphasized science and reason as the guides to life, rather than religion.
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King Henry IV
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French Huguenot who converted to catholicism
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Huguenot
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French Calvinists
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Edict of Nantes
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-Fortresses -Religious freedom to Huguenots -Legal Systems
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Cardinal Richelieu
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-took away the (fortresses) Huguenots' military and political power because they were seen as a threat to the king
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Louis XIV
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-King of France at age 10 -Absolute Monarchy
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The Fronde
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-Revolts in France
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Versailles
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-Louis XIV's palace -Nobles must live in Versailles for 1/2 year
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Colbert
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a finance minister under Louis XIV that applied mercantilism to France to help increase revenue
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Habsburgs
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Holy Roman Emperors from Austria
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Prussia
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A state in the Holy Roman Empire
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Junkers
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Prussian nobles who are tax-exempt
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Parliament
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House of Lords & House of Commons
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Cavaliers
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Support King Charles
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Roundheads (Calvinists)
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Support the Parliament
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Oliver Cromwell
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-Member of Parliament -Puritan -Runs the New Model Army (Round Head Army)
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Rump Parliament
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-Cromwell Controlled -Executed King Charles
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Levellers
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Wanted voting rights
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The Glorious Revolution
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The Parliament drove out James II (Absolute Monarch) and replaced him with two constitutional monarch's (William and Mary)
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Bill of Rights
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-Monarchs are subject to laws -No jailing w/o due process
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Aristotle
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Earth is center of the universe
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Bacon
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Observe the world around you
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Descartes
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studied the objective world of matter
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Galileo
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earth moves around the sun
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Hobbes
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-Believed in absolute monarch -Wrote "Leviathan"
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Locke
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Natural rights-- life, liberty, property
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Philosophes
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French Enlightenment thinkers (Deists)
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
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-Decentralization -Social Contract
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Madame Geoffrin
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Opened "salon" where people could discuss problems with society
