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created to limit american participation in a European War. prevented americans from selling munitions to belligerents.

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neutrality acts

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stressed nonintervention in latin america, it was begun under Herbert Hoover but is associated with FDR

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Good neighbor Policy

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as the successful German invasion of ______ and the Low Countries, beginning on 10 May 1940, defeating primarily French forces

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Fall of France

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abandoned former pretenses of neutrality by allowing americans to sell unlimited supplies of arms to any nation defending itself against the axis powers. the bill was praised as a device for keeping the nation out of the war.

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Lend-Lease

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General secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death in 1953. In some ways, he was responsible for the USSR's severe losses at the beginning of World War II, as he failed to heed the warnings of his advisors and did not allow the Russian military to prepare a proper defense. At the same time, he did succeed in holding the country together and inspiring among his people an awesome resistance against Germany, which ultimately forced a German retreat. his own regime in the USSR was just as brutal as the Nazi regime in many ways, and the alliance between the USSR and the Western Allies always remained rather tenuous because of mutual distrust.

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Stalin

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Chancellor and self-proclaimed Führer, or "leader," of Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945. After a rapid political ascent as the leader of the far-right Nazi Party in the 1920s, Hitler achieved absolute power and maintained it throughout his time as chancellor. During his rule, he took a very active role in the government of Germany, making military decisions and implementing edicts regarding the treatment of Jews and other minorities, such as the notorious "final solution" that condemned Jews to death at concentration camps in German-controlled parts of Europe. Just before Germany surrendered in 1945, Hitler committed suicide together with his wife, Eva Braun, in his bunker in Berlin.

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Hitler

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The prime minister of Britain from 1937 to 1940, who advocated a policy of appeasement toward the territorial demands of Nazi Germany. This appeasement policy essentially turned a blind eye to Germany's 1938 annexation of Austria and the Sudetenland.

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Neville Chamberlain

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this act reversed traditional high-protective tariff policies by allowing the president to negotiate lower tariffs with trade partners, without senate approval. created by secretary of state Cordell Hull.

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Reciprocal trade agreement

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On August 23, 1939, representatives from Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union met and signed the _______, which guaranteed that the two countries would not attack each other. By signing this pact, Germany had protected itself from having to fight a two-front war in the soon-to-begin World War II; the Soviet Union was awarded land, including parts of Poland and the Baltic States. The pact was broken when Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union less than two years later, on June 22, 1941.

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non-aggression pact

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Fascist prime minister who came to power in 1922 and ruled Italy as an absolute dictator. In many ways, he served as an inspiration to Adolf Hitler, with whom he chose to ally himself during World War II. In 1943, he was overthrown in a coup orchestrated by some of his subordinates, and in 1945 he was executed by Italian partisans just prior to the end of the war in Europe.

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francisco franco

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between the Republicans, who were loyal to the democratically elected Spanish Republic, and the Nationalists, a rebel group led by General Francisco Franco. The Nationalists prevailed, and Franco ruled Spain for the next 36 years, from 1939 until his death in 1975.

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spanish civil war-

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Between FDR and Churchill, document outlining the path toward disarmament, peace, and a permanent system of general security.

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atlantic charter

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A September 30, 1938, agreement among Germany, Britain, Italy, and France that allowed Germany to annex the region of western Czechoslovakia called the Sudetenland. The Munich Agreement was the most famous example of British prime minister Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement prior to World War II.

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munich conference

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Fascist prime minister who came to power in 1922 and ruled Italy as an absolute dictator. In many ways, he served as an inspiration to Adolf Hitler, with whom he chose to ally himself during World War II. In 1943, he was overthrown in a coup orchestrated by some of his subordinates, and in 1945 he was executed by Italian partisans just prior to the end of the war in Europe.

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mussolini

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The prime minister of Britain during most of World War II. was among the most active leaders in resisting German aggression and played a major role in assembling the Allied Powers, including the United States and the USSR.

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churchill

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a 60 nation conference designed to stabilize international currency rates. FDR decision to revoke american participation deepened global depression.

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london conference

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It replaced the Neutrality Acts of 1939. The revision allowed the sale of material to belligerents, as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships and paid immediately in cash, assuming all risk in transportation.

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cash and carry

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American naval base in hawaii where japanese warplanes destroyed numerous ships. the attack brought the US into WWII

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pearl harbor

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was a general of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), the leader of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association, and the 40th Prime Minister of Japan during most of World War II, from October 17, 1941 to July 22, 1944. As Prime Minister, he was directly responsible for the attack on Pearl Harbor,

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Tojo

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The atomic bombings of the cities of ______ and _______ in Japan were conducted by the United States during the final stages of World War II in August 1945. The two bombings were the first and remain the only use of nuclear weapons in wartime.

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Hiroshima & Nagasaki

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was an American general and field marshal of the Philippine Army who was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II.

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MacArthur

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was an American military leader, Chief of Staff of the Army, Secretary of State, and the third Secretary of Defense. Once noted as the "organizer of victory" by Winston Churchill for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II, he served as the United States Army Chief of Staff during the war and as the chief military adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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Marshall

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a pivotal naval battle fought near the island of Midway. the victory halted Japanese advances in the pacific

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Midway

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A battle in February and March 1945 in which U.S. forces took Iwo Jima, a small but strategically important island off the Japanese coast. During the battle, an Associated Press photographer took a world-famous photograph of U.S. Marines raising the American flag on the summit of Mt. Suribachi.

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Iwo Jima

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was the forcible transfer by the Imperial Japanese Army of 60,000-80,000 Filipino and American prisoners of war after the three-month Battle of Bataan in the Philippines

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Bataan Death March

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A brutal, five-month battle between German and Soviet forces for the important industrial city of _____ that resulted in the deaths of almost 2 million people. The battle involved very destructive air raids by the German Luftwaffe and bloody urban street fighting. In February 1943, despite direct orders from Hitler forbidding it, Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus surrendered the German forces to the Red Army.

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Battle of Stalingrad

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Meeting between FDR, churchill, and Stalin, in 1945. laid the foundation for the post war division of power in Europe, including a divided germany and territorial concessions to the soviet union.

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Yalta

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May 8, 1945, the day on which the Allied forces declared victory in Europe.

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V-E day

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was the mass segregation into "War Relocation Camps" of over 110,000 people of Japanese heritage who lived on the Pacific coast of the United States.

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Internment

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wartime agency charged with regulating the consumer economy through rationing scarce supplies, and by curbing inflation by setting ceilings on the price of goods. abolished in 1947

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Office of Price Administration

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were people who used obscure languages as a means of secret communication during wartime. primarily used their knowledge of Native-American languages as a basis to transmit coded messages. In particular, there were approximately 400-500 Native Americans in the United States Marine Corps whose primary job was the transmission of secret tactical messages.

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Code Talkers

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The Nazi's euphemistic term for their plan to exterminate the Jews of Germany and other German-controlled territories during World War II. The term was used at the Wannsee Conference of January 1942, in which Nazi leaders planned the Holocaust but made no specific mention of the extermination camps that ultimately killed millions.

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Final Solution

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code name for the commision established in 1942 to develop the atomic bomb. the first experimental bomb was dropped in New mexico.

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Manhattan Project-

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was the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe; he had responsibility for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942-43 and the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944-45 from the Western Front. In 1951, he became the first supreme commander of NATO.[2]

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Ike (AKA Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower)

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was a general in the United States Army, best known for his command of the Seventh United States Army, and later the Third United States Army, in the European Theater of World War II.

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Patton

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The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. led the country through the last few months of World War II, and is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. After the war, he was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery.

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Truman

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A campaign from August 1942 to February 1943 in which U.S. Marines fought brutal battles to expel Japanese forces from the Solomon Islands, a strategically important island chain in the South Pacific near Australia.

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Guadalcanal

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The last large-scale battle in the Pacific theater, in which U.S. forces invaded the Japanese home island of Okinawa. The battle was very bloody, killing at least 100,000 Japanese soldiers and 80,000 to 100,000 Japanese civilians.

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Okinawa

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massive military operation led by american forces in normandy. the pivotal battle led to the liberation of france and brought on the final phases of world war II

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D-Day

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was a major German offensive campaign launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in Belgium, France and Luxembourg on the Western Front toward the end of World War II in Europe. The surprise attack caught the Allied forces completely off guard and became the costliest battle in terms of casualties for the United States, whose forces bore the brunt of the attack. It also severely depleted Germany's war-making resources.

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Battle of the Bulge

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meeting between Truman, Stalin, and churchill. near berlin and delivered an ultimatum to japan: surrender or be destroyed

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Potsdam

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heralded the surrender of japan and the final end to WWII

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V-J Day-

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directed all wartime production, including procuring and allocating raw materials, the WPB had sweeping power over the economy

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War Production Board

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representing the American women who worked in factories during World War II, many of whom produced munitions and war supplies.[1][2] These women sometimes took entirely new jobs replacing the male workers who were in the military. ______ is commonly used as a symbol of feminism and women's economic power. (think of the poster)

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Rosie the Riveter

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is the crossing of an ocean by a series of shorter journeys between islands, as opposed to a single journey directly to the destination. During World War 2, the _______ strategy was used by the United States to expedite the war in the Pacific Ocean.

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Island Hopping

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