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Modeling

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the representation of three-dimensional objects in two dimensions so they appear solid

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Modeling

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manipulative, an additive process; the artist builds up the work by adding material in clay, wax, or plaster

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Armature

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a framework or skeleton used to support a sculpture; rigid inner structure to help support sculpture during modeling

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Casting

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a sculpture or artwork made by pouring a liquid (for example molten or plaster) into a mold; substitution or replacement process, substitution of one material for another through a series of molds and casts, Ex. bronze casting

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Ceramic characteristics

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has been with humanity since ancient times, used for functional vessels, storage vessels;art and science of making art from clay; artist is called a ceramist or potter; before it is fired, clay offers flexibility of form; after it is fired, clay it becomes very durable and does not disintegrate

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Ceramic types

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Earthenware (lowest temps, red or brown color, strongest); Stoneware (slightly higher temps, gray or brown color, most common); Porcelain (expensive, rare, high temp, white or translucent, first developed in China, most delicate)

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High Relief

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a carved panel where the figures project with a great deal of depth from the background

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Low Relief

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carving in which the design stands out only sightly from the background surface

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Sculpture in the round

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can be viewed from all sides

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Glass characteristics

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manipulated by man for the past 4,000 years for practical purposes, stained glass, blown glass, and decorative inlays for jewelry; naturally transparent because it has no crystalline structure; shaped by blowing, casting, pressing into molds, grinding, and carving; 1st developed in ancient Syria and the middle East and then made its way through trade to Italy; Italian glass blowers perfected and refined glass so much that they exported their wares all over the world and it was their national trade; when glass is hot it can be shaped, when it cools glass solidifies without crystallizing

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Carving

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a figure or design produced by carving stone, wood, etc.

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Assemblage

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artwork made of three-dimensional materials including found objects

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Assemblage and Construction

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additive process of sculpture by bringing together separate items, segments, or parts; types: kinetic sculpture-sculpture that moves through motorization or with the aid of natural forces or viewer interaction; installation- a type of construction, using the entire gallery space as part of the sculpture and incorporating it into the complete experierence

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Installation Art

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an artwork created by the assembling and arrangement of objects within a specific location

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Studio Glass Movement

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Bauhaus (Germany 1919-1930s, art academy with fine art workshop attempting to place art and craft on the same level and to engage 'fine' artists in craft media and design); Harvey Littleton helped kick start the Studio Glass Movement and the use of glass as an artistic medium in the 1960's with the help of other artists and scientists; Little then went to start the first academic program to study glass artistically at the University of Wisconsin Madison, many universities today have glass as a department because of HL, including TTU

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Blacksmithing/Jewelry Making

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blacksmithing-steel, iron; jewelry making- small metals which include copper, gold, silver, and nickel

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Metal Characteristics

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Strength and flexibility

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Wood Characteristics

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unique quality of retaining life from original piece of wood; used functional vessels (woodturning), FURNITURE, sculpture

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Fiber Arts/Characteristics

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Natural and synthetic; includes: stitching, basketmaking, dyed and printed textiles, weaving, wearable art, handmade paper

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Performance Art

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a work involving the human body, usually including the artist, in front of an audience

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Conceptual Art

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relating to or concerning ideas

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Dada

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anarchic anti-art and anti-war movement, dating back to WWI, that reveled in absurdity and irrationality

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Drawing

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to pull, push, or drag a marking took across a surface to leave a line or mark.

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Cartoon

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full size drawing made as a guide for a large work in another medium such as fresco, mosaic, or tapestry; narrative drawing made with humorous or satiric intent

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Study

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a preliminary drawing or painting made for a more refined, later work.

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Paint

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composed of pigment (hue, color), binder (holds pigment to ground), and a vehicle (spreads the pigment); binder and vehicle give paint characteristics

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Watercolor paint

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transparent paint made from pigment and a binder dissolved in water; applying pigments suspended in a solution of water and gum arabic

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Acrylic paint

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pigment in acrylic polymer, dries fast, flexible, can be thinned with water, difficult to blend colors and shading

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Guache Paint

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opaque watercolor, has small chalk particles mixed in to create opacity

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Oil paint

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pigments mixed with linseed oilor other plant based oil, with turpentine or other solvents as the vehicle. Jan and Hubert van Eyck are widely credited with finally perfecting oil technique

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Tempera paint

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used by ancient Greeks, Egyptians, Romans and into the Middle Ages. Traditional egg tempera dries quickly, usually done on wood support or other rigid surface because paint itself is very brittle and subject to chipping.

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Encaustic paint

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pigments suspended in hot beeswax, gives very rich vibrant colors because of high transparency and light transmission within painting

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Fresco

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technique where the artist paints onto freshly applied plaster; the pigment is not mixed into a binder, as it is in other painting techniques; the color is extremely durable, making fresco a very permanent painting medium

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Impasto

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paint applied in thick layers

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Glaze

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very thin transparent film of color applied over previous paint, many layers of glaze were built up to create light transmission within the paint.

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Wash

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inks thinned with water

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Underpainting

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an initial layer of paint applied to a ground, serves as a base for subsequent layers of paint. Under paintings are often monochromatic and help to define color values for later painting

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Moveable type

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Invented by 12th century in China; the system of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual letters or punctuation)

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Printmaking

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a picture produced on paper, often in multiple copies

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Relief printing

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Print makers cut away all parts of printing surface not meant to be inked

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Intaglio printing

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"Cut into"; using a sharp tool to cut into a metal, glass or plastic plate

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Screen printing/Serigraphy

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Mass produced editions, aka silkscreening

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Lithography

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A surface process based on the mutual antipathy of oil and water

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Edition

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Number of prints made

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Camera Obscura

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"Dark room" when light enters a dark room or box, image of scene will be projected upside down

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Persistence of Vision

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refers to the phenomenon where the retina retains an image for a brief split-second after the image was actually seen, and lends itself to animation by fostering the illusion of motion when we view images in closely-timed sequence to one another. We don't notice the fractional skips between images because that persistence fills in the momentary gap to make the motion seem seamless

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Daguerreotype

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Photographic process using sensitized silver crystals secured to a copper plate, then exposed to a subject resulting in a recorded image. No negative, small images

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Diorama

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A three-dimensional miniature or life-size scene in which figures, stuffed wildlife, or other objects are arranged in a naturalistic setting against a painted background

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Louis Dagguerre

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developed photography in the early 19th century; first used seriously by Louis Dagguerre in *1839* (Black and White); Daguerreotype-photographic process using sensitized silver crystals secured to a copper plate then exposed to a subject resulting in recorded image, no negative, small images; images have high resolution

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Picasso, Guernica

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evolved from a simple study into finished product; example of a mural-sized oil painting

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M.C. Escher, Drawing Hands

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example of drawing

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DaVinci, Bust of a Warrior in Profile

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example of metal point drawing

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DaVinci, Mona Lisa

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example of genre of painting, portrait

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Jasper Johns, Target with Four Faces

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encaustic and collage on canvas with plaster casts

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1839

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Presentation of photography to the world by Louis Dagguerre

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1825

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First photographic image ever made by Niepce

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9th Century

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printmaking begins in China

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15th Century

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printmaking begins in Europe

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Ann Hamilton

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sensory surrounds of large-scale multimedia installations

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Ann Hamilton

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uses time as process and material; serve as an invocation of place, collective voice, of communities past and of labor present

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John Feodorov

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art that both engages and confronts the viewer; often utilizing pop culture detritus, as well as sound and video, to create works that question ideas and assumptions about Spirituality, Identity and Place; experiments in creating hybrid mythical iconographies that respond to issues such as environmental disasters, consumerism, and post-Colonial identity.

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Shahzia Sikander

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experiments in creating hybrid mythical iconographies that respond to issues such as environmental disasters, consumerism, and post-Colonial identity.

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James Turrell

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concerned with light and space; Roden Crater

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Silverpoint

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drawings created by dragging a silver tipped implement over a surface that has been prepared with a ground of bone dust or chalk mixed with gum, water and pigment

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Conte Crayon

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semi hard chalk with enough oil in the binder to cause it to adhere to a smooth paper

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Pastel

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sticks made mostly of powdered pigment that, because they contain little binder, have considerable purity of color.

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Direct painting method

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oil applied wet to wet in one sitting to create the final composition

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All dry drawing media

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pencil, charcoal, chalk, chalk pastels, color pencils, silverpoint, crayon

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All wet drawing media

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ink, pen, quill, marker, brush

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Photography

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writing with light; RECORDS event and suggests photographer's PRESENCE at event; It can draw PUBLIC ATTENTION to certain subjects, sights, ideas. For example, PHOTOS as REPORTING(PHOTOJOURNALISM) have been considered INSTRUMENTS of SOCIAL CHANGE

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Original Prints

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an artwork that has been manually printed by the artist (or with some processes, printed under the artist's direct supervision); It is not a reproduction.

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